... come into contact, will result in a fragmented area of contact and high local contact stress. wheel/rail contact ultrasound contact pressure real area of contact ultrasonic reflection mechanical contact wheels rails wear fatigue ultrasonic materials testing surface roughness...

... to metallic interfaces such as thermal and electrical resistance, neutrography, pressure sensitive pins and films, and ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic Waves Contact Area Experimental Analysis mechanical contact elastic constants thin films ultrasonic waves ultrasonic materials testing...