Abstract
The present study uses the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and discrete element method (DEM) coupling to investigate influence of the hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles on friction of the elastic coarse-grained micronscale iron. The hBN lubricant particles significantly improve the friction performance of iron in various simulation behaviors. The particle size, the air/water background containing the particles, and its temperature result in reduction of the friction coefficient. The surface mending, the protective film, and the energy dissipation are the main mechanisms related to the friction reduction. Additionally, it is worthy to note that the static friction and the kinetic friction can be clearly observed by this elastic coarse-graining.
References
1.
Latson
, J.
, 2015
, “How the American Oil Industry Got Its Start
,” Time Magazine.2.
Nosonovsky
, M.
, and Bhushan
, B.
, 2010
, “Green Tribology: Principles, Research Areas and Challenges
,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A
, 368
(1929
), pp. 4677
–4694
. 3.
Nosonovsky
, M.
, 2010
, “Self-Organization at the Frictional Interface for Green Tribology
,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A
, 368
(1929
), pp. 4755
–4774
. 4.
Menezes
, P. L.
, Lovell
, M. R.
, Kabir
, M. A.
, Higgs
, C. F.
, and Rohatgi
, P. K.
, 2012
, “Green Lubricants: Role of Additive Size,” Green Tribology. Green Energy and Technology
, M.
Nosonovsky
, and B.
Bhushan
, eds., Springer
, Berlin
.5.
Nosonovsky
, M.
, and Bhushan
, B.
, 2009
, “Thermodynamics of Surface Degradation, Self-Organization and Self-Healing for Biomimetic Surfaces
,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A
, 367
(1893
), pp. 1607
–1627
. 6.
Nosonovsky
, M.
, Amano
, R.
, Lucci
, J. M.
, and Rohatgi
, P. K.
, 2009
, “Physical Chemistry of Self-Organization and Self-Healing in Metals
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 11
(41
), pp. 9530
–9536
. 7.
Nosonovsky
, M.
, and Bhushan
, B.
, 2010
, “Surface Self-Organization: From Wear to Self-Healing in Biological and Technical Surfaces
,” Appl. Surf. Sci.
, 256
(12
), pp. 3982
–3987
. 8.
Reeves
, C. J.
, Menezes
, P. L.
, Jen
, T. C.
, and Lovell
, M. R.
, 2015
, “The Influence of Fatty Acids on Tribological and Thermal Properties of Natural Oils as Sustainable Biolubricants
,” Tribol. Int.
, 90
, pp. 123
–134
. 9.
Celik
, O. N.
, Ay
, N.
, and Goncu
, Y.
, 2013
, “Effect of Nano Hexagonal Boron Nitride Lubricant Additives on the Friction and Wear Properties of AISI 4140 Steel
,” Part. Sci. Technol.
, 31
(5
), pp. 501
–506
. 10.
Paras
, L. P.
, Cortes
, D. M.
, and Tijerina
, J. T.
, 2019
, “Eco-friendly Nanoparticle Additives for Lubricants and Their Tribological Characterization,” Handbook of Ecomaterials
, L.
Martinez
, O.
Kharissova
, and B.
Kharisov
, eds., Springer
, Cham
.11.
Dai
, W.
, Kheireddin
, B.
, Gao
, H.
, and Liang
, H.
, 2016
, “Roles of Nanoparticles in Oil Lubrication
,” Tribol. Int.
, 102
, pp. 88
–98
. 12.
Reeves
, C. J.
, and Menezes
, P. L.
, 2017
, “Evaluation of Boron Nitride Particles on the Tribological Performance of Avocado and Canola Oil for Energy Conservation and Sustainability
,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
, 89
(9–12
), pp. 3475
–3486
. 13.
Chen
, B.
, Bi
, Q.
, Yang
, J.
, Xia
, Y.
, and Hao
, J.
, 2008
, “Tribological Properties of Solid Lubricants (Graphite, h-BN) for Cu-Based P/M Friction Composites
,” Tribol. Int.
, 41
(12
), pp. 1145
–1152
. 14.
Lelonis
, D. A.
, Tereshko
, J. W.
, and Andersen
, C. M.
, 2007
, Boron Nitride Powder a High-Performance Alternative for Solid Lubrication
, Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
, QTZ-81506.15.
Wan
, Q.
, Jin
, Y.
, Sun
, P.
, and Ding
, Y.
, 2015
, “Tribological Behaviour of a Lubricant Oil Containing Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
,” Procedia Eng.
, 102
, pp. 1038
–1045
. 16.
Kumari
, S.
, Sharma
, O. P.
, Gusain
, R.
, Mungse
, H. P.
, Kukrety
, A.
, Kumar
, N.
, Sugimura
, H.
, and Khatri
, O. P.
, 2015
, “Alkyl Chain Grafted Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoplatelets as Oil Dispersible Additive for Friction and Wear Reductions
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
, 7
(6
), pp. 3708
–3716
. 17.
Chen
, S.
, Bi
, Y.
, Zhang
, H.
, Liang
, J.
, Wellburn
, D.
, and Chang-sheng
, L.
, 2015
, “Effect of BN Fraction on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cu Alloy/BN Self-Lubricating Sleeves
,” J. Compos. Mater.
, 49
(30
), pp. 1
–11
. 18.
Reeves
, C. J.
, Menezes
, P. L.
, Lovell
, M. R.
, and Jen
, T. C.
, 2013
, “The Size Effect of Boron Nitride Particles on the Tribological Performance of Biolubricants for Energy Conservation and Sustainability
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 51
(3
), pp. 437
–452
. 19.
Pawlak
, Z.
, Kaldonski
, T.
, Pai
, R.
, Bayraktar
, E.
, and Oloyede
, A.
, 2009
, “A Comparative Study on the Tribological Behaviour of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) as Lubricating Micro-Particles—An Additive in Porous Sliding Bearings for a Car Clutch
,” Wear
, 267
(5–8
), pp. 1198
–2002
. 20.
Maveyraud
, C.
, Benz
, W.
, Sornette
, A.
, and Sornette
, D.
, 1999
, “Solid Friction at High Sliding Velocities: An Explicit Three-Dimensional Dynamical Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Approach
,” J. Geophys. Res.
, 104
(B12
), pp. 28769
–28788
. 21.
Sang
, L. V.
, Yano
, A.
, Fujii
, S.
, Sugimura
, N.
, and Washizu
, H.
, 2018
, “Coarse-Grained Model for Spring Friction Study of Micron-Scale Iron by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
,” EPL
, 122
(2
), pp. 26004
–26008
. 22.
Sang
, L. V.
, Yano
, A.
, Isohashi
, A.
, Sugimura
, N.
, and Washizu
, H.
, 2019
, “Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Study of Friction of the Coarse-Grained α-Al2O3/α-Al2O3 and α-Fe2O3/α-Fe2O3 Contacts in Behavior of the Spring Interfacial Potential
,” Tribol. Int.
, 135
, pp. 296
–304
. 23.
Sang
, L. V.
, Yano
, A.
, Isohashi
, A.
, Sugimura
, N.
, and Washizu
, H.
, 2020
, “Friction and Friction Heat of Micronscale Iron
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 142
(9
), p. 091702
. 24.
He
, Y.
, Bayly
, A. E.
, Hassanpour
, A.
, Muller
, F.
, Wu
, K.
, and Yang
, D.
, 2018
, “A GPU-Based Coupled SPH-DEM Method for Particle-Fluid Flow With Free Surfaces
,” Powder Technol.
, 338
, pp. 548
–552
. 25.
Wu
, K.
, Yang
, D.
, and Wright
, N.
, 2016
, “A Coupled SPH-DEM Model for Fluid-Structure Interaction Problems With Free-Surface Flow and Structural Failure
,” Comput. Struct.
, 177
, pp. 141
–161
. 26.
Robinson
, M.
, Ramaioli
, M.
, and Luding
, S.
, 2014
, “Fluid–Particle Flow Simulations Using Two-Way-Coupled Mesoscale SPH–DEM and Validation
,” Int. J. Multiphase Flow
, 59
, pp. 121
–134
. 27.
Lombardi
, J. R.
, and Davis
, B.
, 2002
, “Periodic Properties of Force Constants of Small Transition-Metal and Lanthanide Clusters
,” Chem. Rev.
, 102
(6
), pp. 2431
–2460
. 28.
Huang
, P.
, Shen
, L.
, Gan
, Y.
, Nguyen
, G. D.
, El-Zein
, A.
, and Maggi
, F.
, 2018
, “Coarse-Grained Modeling of Multiphase Interactions at Microscale
,” J. Chem. Phys.
, 149
(12
), pp. 124505
–124520
. 29.
Israelachvili
, J. N.
, 2011
, Intermolecular and Surface Forces
, Elsevier
, New York
.30.
Reed
, R. P.
, and Clark
, A. F.
, 1985
, Materials at Low Temperatures
, American Society for Metals
, Materials Park, OH
.31.
Cakir
, D.
, Kecik
, D.
, Sahin
, H.
, Durgun
, E.
, and Peeters
, F. M.
, 2015
, “Realization of p-n Junction in Single Layer Boron-Phosphide
,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
, 17
(19
), pp. 13013
–13020
. 32.
Phuoc
, T. X.
, 2005
, “A Comparative Study of the Photon Pressure Force, the Photophoretic Force, and the Adhesion van der Waals Force
,” Opt. Commun.
, 245
(1–6
), pp. 27
–35
. 33.
Mohona
, T. M.
, Gupta
, A.
, Masud
, A.
, Chien
, S. C.
, Lin
, L. C.
, Nalam
, P. C.
, and Aich
, N.
, 2019
, “Aggregation Behavior of Inorganic 2D Nanomaterials Beyond Graphene: Insights From Molecular Modeling and Modified DLVO Theory
,” Environ. Sci. Technol.
, 53
(8
), pp. 4161
–4172
. 34.
35.
Korson
, L.
, Hansen
, W. D.
, and Millero
, F. J.
, 1969
, “Viscosity of Water at Various Temperatures
,” J. Phys. Chem.
, 73
(1
), pp. 34
–39
. 36.
Allahdadi
, F. A.
, Carney
, T. C.
, Hipp
, J. R.
, Libersky
, L. D.
, and Petschek
, A. G.
, 1993
, “High Strain Lagrangian Hydrodynamics: A Three Dimensional SPH Code for Dynamic Material Response
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 109
(1
), pp. 67
–75
. 37.
Sugihara
, T.
, and Enomoto
, T.
, 2017
, “Performance of Cutting Tools With Dimple Textured Surfaces: A Comparative Study of Different Texture Patterns
,” Precis. Eng.
, 49
, pp. 52
–60
. 38.
Mann
, D. J.
, Zhong
, L.
, and Hase
, W. L.
, 2001
, “Effect of Surface Stiffness on the Friction of Sliding Model Hydroxylated α-Alumina Surfaces
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
, 105
(48
), pp. 12032
–12044
. 39.
Braun
, O. M.
, and Peyrard
, M.
, 2010
, “Master Equation Approach to Friction at the Mesoscale
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 82
(3
), pp. 036117
–036135
. 40.
Braun
, O. M.
, and Tosatti
, E.
, 2009
, “Kinetics of Stick-Slip Friction in Boundary Lubrication
,” EPL
, 88
(4
), pp. 48003
–48008
. 41.
Costagliola
, G.
, Bosia
, F.
, and Pugno
, N. M.
, 2016
, “Static and Dynamic Friction of Hierarchical Surfaces
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 94
(6
), pp. 063003
–063012
. 42.
Costagliola
, G.
, Bosia
, F.
, and Pugno
, N. M.
, 2018
, “A 2-D Model for Friction of Complex Anisotropic Surfaces
,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids
, 112
, pp. 50
–55
. 43.
Iwasawa
, M.
, Tanikawa
, A.
, Hosono
, N.
, Nitadori
, K.
, Muranushi
, T.
, and Makino
, J.
, 2016
, “Implementation and Performance of FDPS: A Framework for Developing Parallel Particle Simulation Codes
,” Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan
, 68
(4
), pp. 54
–75
. 44.
Bhushan
, B.
, 1996
, Tribology and Mechanics of Magnetic Storage Devices
, Springer-Verlag
, New York
.45.
Liu
, E.
, Blanpain
, B.
, Celis
, J. P.
, and Roos
, J. R.
, 1998
, “Comparative Study Between Macrotribology and Nanotribology
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 84
(9
), pp. 4859
–4865
. 46.
Chan
, S. M. T.
, Neu
, C. P.
, Komvopoulos
, K.
, and Reddi
, A. H.
, 2011
, “Dependence of Nanoscale Friction and Adhesion Properties of Articular Cartilage on Contact Load
,” J. Biomech.
, 44
(7
), pp. 1340
–1345
. 47.
Chowdhury
, M. A.
, Nuruzzaman
, D. M.
, Mia
, A. H.
, and Rahaman
, M. L.
, 2012
, “Friction Coefficient of Different Material Pairs Under Different Normal Loads and Sliding Velocities
,” Tribol. Ind.
, 34
(1
), pp. 18
–23
.48.
Katano
, Y.
, Nakano
, K.
, Otsuki
, M.
, and Matsukawa
, H.
, 2014
, “Novel Friction Law for the Static Friction Force Based on Local Precursor Slipping
,” Sci. Rep.
, 4
(1
), pp. 6324
–6329
. 49.
Alarcon
, H.
, Salez
, T.
, Poulard
, C.
, Bloch
, J. F.
, Raphael
, E.
, Veress
, K. D.
, and Restagno
, F.
, 2016
, “Self-Amplification of Solid Friction in Interleaved Assemblies
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
, 116
(1
), pp. 015502
–015506
. 50.
Kuznetsov
, V. D.
, 1966
, Metal Transfer and Build-up in Friction and Cutting
, Pergamon Press
, London
.51.
Furlan
, K. P.
, Prates
, P. B.
, Santos
, T. A. D.
, Dias
, M. V. G.
, Ferreira
, H. T.
, Neto
, J. B. R.
, and Klein
, A. N.
, 2015
, “Influence of Alloying Elements on the Sintering Thermodynamics, Microstructure and Properties of Fe–MoS2 Composites
,” J. Alloys Compd.
, 652
, pp. 450
–458
. 52.
Rodriguez
, P. G.
, van den Nieuwenhuijzen
, K.
, Lette
, W.
, Schipper
, D.
, and ten Elshof
, J. E.
, 2016
, “Tribochemistry of Bismuth and Bismuth Salts for Solid Lubrication
,” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
, 8
(11
), pp. 7601
–7606
. 53.
Blau
, P. J.
, 2009
, Friction Science and Technology: From Concepts to Applications
, CRC Press
, New York
.54.
Zhang
, Y.
, Wang
, W.
, Hu
, Z.
, Liu
, K.
, and Chang
, J.
, “Investigation of hBN Powder Lubricating Characteristics of Die Steel H13–Ceramic Si3N4 Tribopair at 800° C
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.
, 234
(4
), pp. 622
–671
. 55.
Hichri
, Y.
, Cerezo
, V.
, and Do
, M. T.
, 2017
, “Friction on Road Surfaces Contaminated by Fine Particles: Some New Experimental Evidences
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.
, 231
(9
), pp. 1029
–1045
.56.
Hichri
, Y.
, Cerezo
, V.
, and Do
, M. T.
, 2017
, “Effect of Dry Deposited Particles on the Tire/Road Friction
,” Wear
, 376–377
, pp. 1437
–1449
. 57.
Hichri
, Y.
, Cerezo
, V.
, and Do
, M. T.
, 2019
, “Modeling of the Surface Coverage and Application to the Calculation of Friction on Surfaces Contaminated by Particles
,” Wear
, 426–427
, pp. 1082
–1093
. 58.
Alias
, A. A.
, Kinoshita
, H.
, and Fujii
, M.
, 2015
, “Tribological Properties of Diamond Nanoparticle Additive in Water Under a Lubrication Between Steel Plate and Tungsten Carbide Ball
,” J. Adv. Mech. Des. Syst.
, 9
(1
), pp. 1
–9
.59.
Pawlak
, Z.
, Kaldonski
, T. J.
, Mackod
, M.
, and Urbaniak
, W.
, 2017
, “h-BN Lamellar Lubricant in Hydrocarbon and Formulated Oil in Porous Sintered Bearings (Iron + h-BN)
,” Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng.
, 17
(3
), pp. 687
–693
. 60.
Gupta
, M. K.
, Bijwe
, J.
, and Padhan
, M.
, 2018
, “Role of Size of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Particles on Tribo-Performance of Nano and Micro Oils
,” Lubr. Sci.
, 30
(8
), pp. 1
–16
. 61.
Gholami
, R.
, Akbarzadeh
, S.
, Ziaei-Rad
, S.
, and Khonsari
, M. M.
, 2021
, “Applying Load-Sharing Method to the Sliding Contact in the Presence of Nano-Lubricants
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J.
, 235
(4
), pp. 786
–797
. .62.
He-long
, Y.
, Yi
, X.
, Pei-jing
, S.
, Bin-shi
, X.
, Xiao-li
, W.
, and Qian
, L.
, 2008
, “Tribological Properties and Lubricating Mechanisms of Cu Nanoparticles in Lubricant
,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China
, 8
(3
), pp. 636
–641
.63.
Ghaednia
, H.
, Jackson
, R. L.
, and Khodadadi
, J. M.
, 2015
, “Experimental Analysis of Stable CuO Nanoparticle Enhanced Lubricants
,” J. Exp. Nanosci.
, 10
(1
), pp. 1
–18
. Copyright © 2021 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
