Abstract
This article focused on the effects of the presence of liquid on tribological performances of graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles at ambient atmosphere. Two tribological tests conditions have been evaluated with AISI 52100 steel materials. In dry conditions for lubrication tests with pure particles and liquid conditions a drop of liquid is added before or during the friction tests. In dry conditions, graphite and hBN have two different tribological performances, while whatever was the type of liquid in liquid conditions, they are similar: μpure graphite ≈ 0.09 and μpure hBN ≈ 0.42, while μgraphite+liquid ≈ μhBN+liquid ≈ 0.06. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations bring out weak influence of sliding mechanical constraints for tribofilms built in the presence of the liquid. Different hypotheses have been investigated; tribo-intercalation, influence of adsorption, lubrication by hydrogen, and action of the liquid. The simultaneous presence of liquid and particles induces friction mechanism inside the tribofilm reducing friction due to its nanostructuration.
Issue Section:
Coatings and Solid Lubricants
Topics:
Boron,
Friction,
Graphite,
Particulate matter,
Tribological films,
Tribology,
Lubrication,
Viscosity
References
1.
Bragg
, W.
, 1928
, “An Introduction to Crystal Analysis
,” Nature
, 122
(3071
), pp. 915
–916
. 10.1038/122353a02.
Pease
, R. S.
, 1952
, “An X-Ray Study of Boron Nitride
,” Acta Crystallogr.
, 5
(23
), pp. 356
–361
. 10.1107/S0365110X520010643.
Bowden
, F. P.
, and Young
, J. E.
, 1951
, “Friction of Diamond, Graphite and Carbon and the Influence of Surface Films
,” R. Soc.
, 208
(1095
), pp. 444
–455
.4.
Ruan
, J. A.
, and Bhushan
, B.
, 1994
, “Frictional Behavior of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 76
(12
), pp. 8117
–8120
. 10.1063/1.3578615.
Deacon
, R. F.
, and Goodman
, J. F.
, 1957
, “Lubrication by Lamellar Solids
,” The Royal Society
, 253
(A 1958
), pp. 464
–482
. 10.1098/rspa.1958.00136.
Spreadborough
, J.
, 1962
, “The Frictional Behaviour of Graphite
,” Wear
, 5
(1
), pp. 18
–30
. 10.1016/0043-1648(62)90177-17.
Lancaster
, J.
, 1990
, “A Review of the Influence of Environmental Humidity and Water on Friction, Lubrication and Wear
,” Tribol. Int.
, 23
(6
), pp. 371
–389
. 10.1016/0301-679X(90)90053-R8.
Zaidi
, H.
, Robert
, F.
, and Paulmier
, D.
, 1995
, “Influence of Adsorbed Gases on the Surface Energy of Graphite: Consequences on the Friction Behaviour
,” Thin Solid Films
, 264
(1
), pp. 46
–51
. 10.1016/0040-6090(95)06606-39.
Yen
, B.
, 1996
, “Influence of Water Vapor and Oxygen on the Tribology of Carbon Materials With sp2 Valence Configuration
,” Wear
, 192
(1–2
), pp. 208
–215
. 10.1016/0043-1648(95)06807-410.
Robert
, F.
, Paulmier
, D.
, Zaidi
, H.
, and Schouller
, E.
, 1995
, “Combined Influence of an Inert Gas Environment and a Mechanical Action on a Graphite Surface
,” Wear
, 181–183
(2
), pp. 687
–690
. 10.1016/0043-1648(95)90185-X11.
Kimura
, Y.
, Wakabayashi
, T.
, Okada
, K.
, Wada
, T.
, and Nishikawa
, H.
, 1999
, “Boron Nitride as a Lubricant Additive
,” Wear
, 232
(2
), pp. 199
–206
. 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00146-512.
Pawlak
, Z.
, Kaldonski
, T.
, Pai
, R.
, Bayraktar
, E.
, and Oloyede
, A.
, 2009
, “A Comparative Study on the Tribological Behaviour of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) as Lubricating Micro-Particles—An Additive in Porous Sliding Bearings for a Car Clutch
,” Wear
, 267
(5–8
), pp. 1198
–1202
. 10.1016/j.wear.2008.11.02013.
Cho
, D. H.
, Kim
, J. S.
, Kwon
, S. H.
, Lee
, C.
, and Lee
, Y. Z.
, 2013
, “Evaluation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nano-Sheets as a Lubricant Additive in Water
,” Wear.
, 302
(1–2
), pp. 981
–986
. 10.1016/j.wear.2012.12.05914.
Saito
, T.
, and Honda
, F.
, 2000
, “Chemical Contribution to Friction Behavior of Sintered Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Water
,” Wear
, 237
(2
), pp. 253
–260
. 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00346-415.
Saito
, T.
, Imada
, Y.
, and Honda
, F.
, 1999
, “Chemical Influence on Wear of Si3N4 and hBN in Water
,” Wear
, 236
(1–2
), pp. 153
–158
. 10.1016/S0043-1648(99)00270-716.
Lipp
, A.
, Schwetz
, K. A.
, and Hunold
, K.
, 1989
, “Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Fabrication, Properties and Applications
,” J. Eur. Ceram Soc.
, 5
(1
), pp. 3
–9
. 10.1016/0955-2219(89)90003-417.
Wan
, Q.
, Jin
, Y.
, Sun
, P.
, and Ding
, Y.
, 2015
, “Tribological Behaviour of a Lubricant oil Containing Boron Nitride Nanoparticles
,” Proc. Eng.
, 102
, pp. 1038
–1045
. 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.22618.
Nomède-Martyr
, N.
, 2010
, “Etude de L’influence D’un Liquide Organique sur les Propriétés Tribologiques de Particules Minérales
.”19.
Thomas
, P.
, Himmel
, D.
, Mansot
, J. L.
, Dubois
, M.
, Guérin
, K.
, Zhang
, W.
, and Hamwi
, A.
, 2009
, “Tribological Properties of Fluorinated Carbon Nanofibres
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 34
, pp. 49
–59
. 10.1007/s11249-008-9406-220.
Nomède-Martyr
, N.
, Disa
, E.
, Thomas
, P.
, Romana
, L.
, Mansot
, J. L.
, Dubois
, M.
, and Hamwi
, A.
, 2012
, “Tribological Properties of Fluorinated Nanocarbons With Different Shape Factors
,” J. Fluor. Chem.
, 144
, pp. 10
–16
. 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.08.00821.
Minatchy
, G.
, 2014
, Contribution à l ‘ étude des Propriétés Mécaniques à l ‘ échelle Nanométrique de Films Réducteurs de Frottement et d
.22.
Molza
, A.
, 2016
, Contribution à la Compréhension des Mécanismes de Lubrification par Particules Colloïdales
.23.
Tunistra
, F.
, and Koening
, J. L.
, 1970
, “Raman Spectrum of Graphite JCP 53 (1970). Raman Spectrum of Graphite
,” J. Chem. Phys.
, 53
(3
), pp. 1126
–1130
. 10.1063/1.167410824.
Geick
, R.
, Perry
, C.
, and Rupprecht
, G.
, 1996
, “Normal Modes in Hexagonal Boron Nitride
,” Phys. Rev.
, 146
(2
), pp. 543
–547
. 10.1103/PhysRev.146.54325.
Nemanich
, R. J.
, Solin
, S. A.
, and Martin
, R. M.
, 1981
, “Light Scattering Study of Boron Nitride Microcrystals
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 23
(12
), pp. 6348
–6356
. 10.1103/PhysRevB.23.634826.
Koike
, A.
, and Yoneya
, M.
, 1998
, “Chain Length Effects on Frictional Behavior of Confined Ultrathin Films of Linear Alkanes Under Shear
,” J. Phys. Chem. B
, 102
(19
), pp. 3669
–3675
. 10.1021/jp970529r27.
Brewer
, J.
, Beake
, B. D.
, and Leggett
, G. J.
, 2001
, “Friction Force Microscopy of Self-Assembled Monolayers: Influence of Adsorbate Alkyl Chain Length, Terminal Group Chemistry and Scan Velocity
,” Langmuir
, 17
(6
), pp. 1970
–1974
.28.
Sahoo
, R. R.
, and Biswas
, S. K.
, 2009
, “Frictional Response of Fatty Acids on Steel
,” J. Colloid. Interface Sci.
, 333
(2
), pp. 707
–718
. 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.01.04629.
Habchi
, W.
, Matta
, C.
, Joly-Pottuz
, L.
, De Barros
, M. I.
, Martin
, J. M.
, and Vergne
, P.
, 2011
, “Full Film, Boundary Lubrication and Tribochemistry in Steel Circular Contacts Lubricated With Glycerol
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 42
, pp. 351
–358
. 10.1007/s11249-011-9778-630.
Raviv
, U.
, and Klein
, J.
, 2002
, “Fluidity of Bound Hydration Layers
,” Science
, 297
(5586
), pp. 1540
–1543
. 10.1126/science.107448131.
Shi
, Y.
, Minami
, I.
, Grahn
, M.
, Björling
, M.
, and Larsson
, R.
, 2014
, “Boundary and Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Studies of Glycerol Aqueous Solutions as Green Lubricants
,” Tribol. Int.
, 69
, pp. 39
–45
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2013.08.01332.
Ku
, B. C.
, Han
, Y. C.
, Lee
, J. E.
, Lee
, J. K.
, Park
, S. H.
, and Hwang
, Y. J.
, 2010
, “Tribological Effects of Fullerene (C60) Nanoparticles Added in Mineral Lubricants According to Its Viscosity
,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.
, 11
, pp. 607
–611
. 10.1007/s12541-010-0070-833.
Delbé
, K.
, 2009
, Contribution à L’étude des Propriétés Physiques à L’échelle Nanométrique de Films Réducteurs de Frottement et de L’usur
.34.
Minatchy
, G.
, Thomas
, P.
, Bilas
, P.
, Nomede-Martyr
, N.
, and Romana
, L.
, 2014
, “Macro- and Nanotribological Properties of Graphite Tribofilms: Influence of the Sliding Interface
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 56
, pp. 443
–456
. 10.1007/s11249-014-0421-135.
Brophy
, J. E.
, and Zisman
, W. A.
, 1950
, Surface Chemical Phenomena in Lubrication
.36.
Nomède-Martyr
, N.
, Disa
, E.
, Guérin
, K.
, Bonnet
, P.
, and Dubois
, M.
, 2018
, “Influence de la Fluoration sur la Stabilité des Nanofibres de Carbone en Dispersion Dans des Solvants Organiques
,” Comptes. Rendus. Chim.
, 21
(8
), pp. 791
–799
. 10.1016/j.crci.2018.02.01237.
Shahmohamadi
, H.
, Rahmani
, R.
, Rahnejat
, H.
, Garner
, C. P.
, and Balodimos
, N.
, 2017
, “Thermohydrodynamics of Lubricant Flow With Carbon Nanoparticles in Tribological Contacts
,” Tribol. Int.
, 113
, pp. 50
–57
. 10.1016/j.triboint.2016.12.04838.
Li
, X.
, Xu
, X.
, Zhou
, Y.
, Lee
, K.
, and Wang
, A.
, 2019
, “Insights Into Friction Dependence of Carbon Nanoparticles as Oil-Based Lubricant Additive at Amorphous Carbon Interface
,” Carbon N Y
, 150
, pp. 465
–474
. 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.05.05039.
Jean
, P.
, and Mansot
, L.
, 2017
, Développement et caractérisation d ‘ une nouvelle méthode de dépôt de films superficiels minces à activités tribologiques
.Copyright © 2020 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
