Solar (photovoltaic) powered water pumps could be a real instrument for the alleviation of water related deaths and illnesses in developing countries through the provision of clean water. However, despite the benefits that access to sustainable potable water supplies can bring, solar powered water pumps have a long way to go before they even begin to meet the needs of those who could use them. This paper addresses some of the complex, inter-related social and technical issues that have prevented solar powered water pumping from reaching its full potential and shows how future efforts should be directed in order to respond to these issues.

1.
World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund, 2000, Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report, ISBN 92 4 156202 1.
2.
Guisse´, E. H., 1998, United Nations: Commission on Human Rights, The Right of Access of Everyone to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Services, E/CN.4/Sub.2/1998/7.
3.
International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000, Drawers of Water II: Thirty Years of Change in Domestic Water Use and Environmental Health in East Africa, http://www.iied.org/agri/dowrv-intro.html.
4.
Nogier, A., 1998, Mise en Place d’un Schema de Pompage Photovoltaique au Nigeria, Proc. Int. Workshop on PV Water Supply Issues, Nov. 16–18, 1998, WIP-Munich, Marrakech, pp. 73–77.
5.
Mahkamov, K., et al., 2000, Development of Solar and Micro Co-generation Power Installations on the Basis of Stirling Engines, Proc. of 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference: “Energy and Power in Transition,” Las Vagas, NV, July 24–28, 2000, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, pp. 723–733.
6.
Barlow, R., McNelis, B., and Derrick, A., 1993, Solar Pumping: An Introduction and Update on the Technology, Performance, Costs and Economics, World Bank Technical Paper No. 168, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London.
7.
Derrick, A., 1998, 20 years of PV Powered Water Pumping—Successes and Problems, International Workshop on PV Water Supply Issues, Marrakech.
8.
Kaunmuang
,
P.
, et al.
,
2001
,
Assessment of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems in Thailand—One Decade Experience
,
Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
,
67
(
1–4
), pp.
529
534
.
9.
Roger
,
J. A.
,
1982
,
Water and Photovoltaics in Developing-Countries
,
Sol. Cells
,
6
(
3
), pp.
295
308
.
10.
Short
,
T. D.
, and
Burton
,
J. D.
, Solar powered water pumps, Sol. Energy, (submitted for publication).
11.
Burton
,
J. D.
, and
Short
,
T. D.
, 1999, Induced Flow Reciprocating Pumps Part 2, Proc. Inst Mech. Engrs, Part A, 213(A5), pp. 375–389.
12.
Anderson, G. O., 2000, The Role, Reliability and Limitations of Solar Photo-Voltaic Systems in Botswana, Proc. of 9th Int. Conf. on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Oct. 01-04, 2000, Orlando, FL, IEEE New York, pp. 973–982.
13.
Hahn, A., 1995, Technical Maturity and Reliability of Photovoltaic Pumping Systems, Proc. of 13th European PV Solar Conf., Nice.
14.
Posorski
,
R.
,
1996
,
Photovoltaic Water Pumps, An Attractive Tool For Rural Drinking Water Supply
,
Sol. Energy
,
58
(
4–6
), pp.
155
163
.
15.
EC, 1997, IT Power, Chineham, Hants. UK, Concerted Action for the Testing and Cost Reduction of P.V. Water Pumping Systems, Contract AVI-CT 94-0004, July 1997.
16.
Roger
,
J. A.
,
1979
,
Theory of the Direct Coupling Between DC Motors and Photovoltaic Solar Arrays
,
Sol. Energy
,
23
, pp.
193
198
.
17.
Metwally
,
H. M. B.
, and
Anis
,
W. R.
,
1996
,
Performance Analysis of PV Pumping Systems using Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
,
Sol. Energy
,
56
(
2
), pp.
161
168
.
18.
Akbaba
,
M.
,
Qamber
,
I.
, and
Kamal
,
A.
,
1998
,
Matching of Separately Excited DC Motors to Photovoltaic Generators for Maximum Power Output
,
Sol. Energy
,
63
(
6
), pp.
375
385
.
19.
Whitfield
,
G. R.
,
Bentley
,
R. W.
, and
Burton
,
J. D.
,
1995
,
Increasing the Cost-Effectiveness of Small Solar Photovoltaic Pumping Systems
,
Renewable Energy
,
6
(
5–6
), pp.
483
486
.
20.
Bannister, M., 2000, Solar Power for Community Water Supply, Proc. of 26th WEDC Conf.–Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Challenges of the Millennium, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 311–314.
21.
Hanel, A., and Hoang-Gia, L., 1998, Monitoring of Representative PV Pumping Systems of the Regional Solar Program: Results and Conclusions, Proc. of Int. Workshop on PV Water Supply Issues, November 16–18, 1998, Marrakech, WIP-Munich, pp. 85–90.
22.
Bakthavatsalam, V., Hart, T. J., and Parthan, B., 1997, The Indian Solar Pumping Experience and Commercialization Initiatives, Proc. of 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf., Honolulu, Hawaii, July 27-Aug 2, 1997, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, pp. 1929–1933.
23.
Sapiain
,
R.
, et al., 2000, Evaluacion Tecnica de Sistemas de Bombeo Fotovoltaico, Informacio´n Tecnolo´gica, 11(6), pp. 19–26.
24.
Wade, H., 1997, Solar Photovoltaics for Rural Electrification-What Happened to the Promises, Renewable Energy for Development: Newsletter of the Energy, Environment, and Development Programme, Stockholm Environment Institute, 10(1), pp. 4–6.
25.
Makapo, M. C., 1997, Promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies: Some Thoughts, Renewable Energy for Development: Newsletter of the Energy, Environment, and Development Programme, Stockholm Environment Institute, 10(1), pp. 2–3.
26.
Tyndale-Briscoe, P., and McMurdie, D., 2000, A VLOM Handpump for 80 Metres. Proc. of 26th WEDC Conf.-Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Challenges of the Millennium, November 2000, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), pp. 49–52.
27.
van der Plas, B., et al., 2001, Renewable Energy for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in Honduras, Renewable Energy for Development: Newsletter of the Energy, Environment, and Development Programme, Stockholm Environment Institute, 14(2/3), pp. 4–5.
28.
Short, T. D. and Thompson, P., 2001, Breaking the Mould: Solar Water Pumping—The Challenges and the Reality, Proc. of ISES 2001 Solar World Congress, Adelaide, Australia, November 25-Dec. 2, 2001.
29.
WaterAid, 2001, Looking Back: The Long-Term Impacts of Water and Sanitation Projects, V. Blagborough (ed.), June 2001.
30.
Chancellor, F., 2000, Sustainable Irrigation and the Gender Question in Southern Africa, Sustainable Development International: Strategies and Technologies for Agenda 21 Implementation, pp. 59–63.
31.
Hazeltine, B., and Bull, C., 1999, Appropriate Technology, Academic Press, London.
32.
Short, T. D., and Mueller, M. A., 2002, Solar Powered Water Pumps: Problems, Pitfalls and Potential, Proc. of IEE Int. Conf. on Power Electronics Machines and Drives, April 16–18, 2002, Univ. of Bath, UK.
You do not currently have access to this content.