Wide plate testing has been traditionally applied to evaluate the tensile strain capacity (TSC) of pipelines with girth weld flaws. These wide plate tests cannot incorporate the effect of internal pressure, however, numerical analysis in recent studies showed that the TSC is affected by the level of internal pressure inside the pipeline (Wang et al. 2007, "Strain Based Design of High Strength Pipelines," 17th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE), Lisbon, Portugal, Vol. 4, pp. 3186–3193). Moreover, most of the past studies focused on the effect of circumferential flaws on the TSC for pipelines of steel grade X65 or higher. The current Oil and Gas Pipeline System Code CSA Z662-11 provides equations to predict the TSC as a function of geometry and material properties of the pipelines. These equations were based on extensive studies on pipes having grades X65 or higher without considering the effect of internal pressure. This paper investigates the TSC for pipelines obtained using an experimental technique considering the effect of internal pressure and flaw size. Eight full-scale tests of X52 NPS 12 in. pipes with 6.91 mm wall thickness were conducted in order to investigate the effect of circumferential flaws close to a girth weld on the TSC for vintage pipelines subjected to eccentric tensile forces and internal pressure. The tensile strains along the pipe length and on the outer circumference of the pipe were measured using biaxial strain gauges and a digital image correlation (DIC) system. Postfailure macrofractography analysis was used to confirm the original size of the machined flaw and to identify areas of plastic deformation and brittle/ductile fracture surfaces. From the experimental and numerical results, the effect of internal pressure and flaw size on the TSC and the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) at failure were investigated and presented.
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December 2016
Research-Article
The Effect of Internal Pressure on the Tensile Strain Capacity of X52 Pipelines With Circumferential Flaws
Diana Abdulhameed,
Diana Abdulhameed
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: dabdulha@ualberta.ca
Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: dabdulha@ualberta.ca
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Celal Cakiroglu,
Celal Cakiroglu
Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: Cakiroglu@ualberta.ca
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: Cakiroglu@ualberta.ca
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Meng Lin,
Meng Lin
Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: lin4@ualberta.ca
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: lin4@ualberta.ca
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Roger Cheng,
Roger Cheng
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-306 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: Roger.cheng@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-306 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: Roger.cheng@ualberta.ca
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John Nychka,
John Nychka
Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
9107-116st North West,
12-215 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: jnychka@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
9107-116st North West,
12-215 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: jnychka@ualberta.ca
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Millan Sen,
Millan Sen
Enbridge Pipelines Inc.,
10201 Jasper Avenue North West,
Edmonton, AB T5J 2J9, Canada
e-mail: Millan.sen@enbridge.com
10201 Jasper Avenue North West,
Edmonton, AB T5J 2J9, Canada
e-mail: Millan.sen@enbridge.com
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Samer Adeeb
Samer Adeeb
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-245 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: adeeb@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-245 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: adeeb@ualberta.ca
Search for other works by this author on:
Diana Abdulhameed
Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: dabdulha@ualberta.ca
Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: dabdulha@ualberta.ca
Celal Cakiroglu
Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: Cakiroglu@ualberta.ca
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: Cakiroglu@ualberta.ca
Meng Lin
Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: lin4@ualberta.ca
and Environmental Engineering,
University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
e-mail: lin4@ualberta.ca
Roger Cheng
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-306 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: Roger.cheng@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-306 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: Roger.cheng@ualberta.ca
John Nychka
Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
9107-116st North West,
12-215 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: jnychka@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
9107-116st North West,
12-215 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: jnychka@ualberta.ca
Millan Sen
Enbridge Pipelines Inc.,
10201 Jasper Avenue North West,
Edmonton, AB T5J 2J9, Canada
e-mail: Millan.sen@enbridge.com
10201 Jasper Avenue North West,
Edmonton, AB T5J 2J9, Canada
e-mail: Millan.sen@enbridge.com
Samer Adeeb
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-245 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: adeeb@ualberta.ca
Engineering,
University of Alberta,
7-245 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering,
Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
e-mail: adeeb@ualberta.ca
Contributed by the Pressure Vessel and Piping Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY. Manuscript received March 20, 2015; final manuscript received April 12, 2016; published online July 22, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Hardayal S. Mehta.
J. Pressure Vessel Technol. Dec 2016, 138(6): 061701 (18 pages)
Published Online: July 22, 2016
Article history
Received:
March 20, 2015
Revised:
April 12, 2016
Citation
Abdulhameed, D., Cakiroglu, C., Lin, M., Cheng, R., Nychka, J., Sen, M., and Adeeb, S. (July 22, 2016). "The Effect of Internal Pressure on the Tensile Strain Capacity of X52 Pipelines With Circumferential Flaws." ASME. J. Pressure Vessel Technol. December 2016; 138(6): 061701. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033436
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