An Analytical Method for Cylindrical Shells With Nozzles Due to Internal Pressure and External Loads—Part II: Design Method

A universal design method for pressurized cylindrical shells with attached nozzles subjected to external forces (moments) and internal pressure are presented, based on theoretical stress analysis. The applicable ranges of the presented design methods are extended to $ρ0=d/D≤0.9$ and $λ=d/(DT)1/2≤12$⁠. As a first step of design, the required reinforcement thicknesses, both of the main shell and nozzle due to internal pressure, can be determined by the presented theoretical solutions. When the junction is subjected to external nozzle loads, the next step is to determine the absolute values of dimensionless longitudinal and circumferential, normal and shear, membrane and bending stresses in the shell at the junction subjected to internal pressure, and six external nozzle load components by reading out from a number of sets of curves calculated by the present theoretical method. Then the stress components at eight examination points are calculated and superimposed for the combined loads. Finally, the membrane and primary plus secondary stress intensities can be calculated, respectively, to meet the design criteria.