The discrete element method can be used for modeling moving granular media in which heat and mass transport takes place. In this paper the concept of discrete element modeling with special emphasis on applicable force laws is introduced and the necessary equations for heat transport within particle assemblies are derived. Possible flow regimes in moving granular media are discussed. The developed discrete element model is applied to a new staged reforming process for biomass and waste utilization which employs a solid heat carrier. Results are presented for the flow regime and heat transport in substantial vessels of the process.
1.
Luding
, S.
, 2004, “Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Granular Materials
,” in The Physics of Granular Media
, Hinrichsen
, H.
and Wolf
, D.
, eds., Wiley-VCH
, Weinheim.2.
Luding
, S.
, 2002, “Structures and Non-equilibrium Dynamics in Granular Media
,” C. R. Phys.
1631-0705, 3
(2
), pp. 1
–9
.3.
Lätzel
, M.
, Luding
, S.
, Herrmann
, H. J.
, Howell
, D. W.
, and Behringer
, R. P.
, 2003, “Comparing Simulation and Experiment of a 2D Granular Couette Shear Device
,” Eur. Phys. J. E
1292-8941, 11
, pp. 325
–333
.4.
Matsushima
, T.
, 2004, “3-D Image-based Discrete Element Modeling for Irregularly-Shaped Grains
,” Proc. 2nd Int. PFC-Symposium
, October28–October 29, 2004, Kyoto, Japan.5.
Allen
, M. P.
, and Tildesley
, D. J.
, 1987, Computer Simulation of Liquids
, Oxford U. P.
, Oxford.6.
Muth
, B.
, Müller
, M. K.
, Eberhard
, P.
, and Luding
, S.
, 2004, “Contacts Between Many Bodies
,” Proceedings Machine Dynamics Problems
.7.
Johnson
, K. L.
, 1989, Contact Mechanics
, Cambridge U. P.
, Cambridge.8.
Schäfer
, J.
, Dippel
, S.
, and Wolf
, D. E.
, 1996, “Force Schemes in Simulations of Granular Materials
,” J. Phys. I.9.
Hertz
, H.
, 1882, “Über die Berührung Fester Elastischer Körper
,” J. Reine Angew. Math.
0075-4102, 92
, pp. 156
–171
.10.
Kuwabara
, G.
, and Kono
, K.
, 1987, “Restitution coefficient in a Collision Between Two Spheres
,” J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979, 26
, pp. 1230
–1233
.11.
Foerster
, S. F.
, Louge
, M. Y.
, Chang
, H.
, and Allia
, K.
, 1994, “Measurements of the Collision Properties of Small Spheres
,” Phys. Fluids
1070-6631, 6
(3
), pp. 1108
–1115
.12.
Cundall
, P. A.
, and Strack
, O. D. L.
, 1979, “A Discrete Numerical Model for Granular Assemblies
,” Geotechnique
0016-8505, 29
(1
), pp. 47
–65
.13.
Levy
, A.
, and Kalman
, H.
, VDI-Wärmeatlas
, 2002, Springer
, New York.14.
Schwedes
, J.
, 2001, “Flow properties of bulk solids and their use in solving industrial problems
,” in Handbook of Conveying and Handling of Particulate Solids
, Elsevier Science
, Amsterdam, p. 137
.15.
Johnson
, J. R.
, 1983, “Controlling Flow Patterns in Bins by Use of Insert
,” Bulk Solids Handling
0173-9980, 2
, pp. 495
–498
.16.
Ter Borg
, L.
, 1986, “Einflui des Wand-Materials aut das Auslaufverhalten von Schüttgütern aus Silos
,” Chem.-Ing.-Tech.
0009-286X, 58
, pp. 588
–590
.17.
Di Renzo
, A.
, and Di Maio
, F. P.
, 2004, “Comparison of Contact-Force Models for the Simulation of Collisions in DEM-Based Granular Flow Codes
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
0009-2509, 59
, pp. 525
–541
.18.
Tsuji
, Y.
, Kawaguchi
, T.
, and Tanaka
, T.
, 1993, “Discrete Particle Simulation of Two-dimensional Fluidized Bed
,” Powder Technol.
0032-5910, 77
, pp. 79
–87
.19.
Goldsmith
, W.
, 1960, Impact
, Edward Arnold
, London.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
