The ASME HPS Standard Section 6000 (as well as Sections 1000 to 5000) was begun with a draft outline in 1981 and released in 2003. Section 6000 “Hazardous Release Protection” of the High Pressure Systems (HPS) standard provides a risk-based criterion to assess the pressure system internal and external kinetic energy and degenerative hazards and permits a number of ways to lower risk to personnel and structures (e.g., redesign of the pressure system (improved system performance), protection (reduction of consequences), improved inspection (reduction of event probability), etc.). Part I of this paper examines the history of the development of Section 6000, the motivating safety issues; some incidences of system failures, which identify a need for guidance regarding tolerable risk; other guidelines, standard, and code development; and some references that document its development.

1.
Waite
,
H. H.
, (ed.), 1976,
Pressure Vessels and Piping: Design and Analysis A Decade of Progress
,
ASME
,
New York
, Vol.
4
Quality Assurance Applications—Components
, Chaps. 4–6.
2.
Gangadharan
,
A. C.
, and
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1977,
Failure Data and Failure Analysis in Power and Processing Industries
,
ASME
,
New York
, Vol.
PVP-PB-023
.
3.
Brown
,
S. J.
,
Brown
,
T. J.
,
Sundararajan
,
C. R.
, and
Pohto
,
H. H.
, 1996, “
Breach-Lock Closure Failure: Case History of Design and Hazards Consideration
,”
Integrity of Structures and Fluid Systems, Hazardous Release Protection, Piping and Pipe Supports, and Pumps and Valves
H. H.
Chung
,
S. J.
Brown
,
E. C.
Goodling
, and
L. I.
Ezekoye
, eds.,
ASME
, New York, ASME PVP—Vol.
333
.
4.
Pohto
,
H. A.
, 1979, “
Energy Release From Rupturing High Pressure Vessels: A Possible Code Consideration
,”
ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol.
0094-9930,
110
, pp.
165
170
.
5.
Fryer
,
D. M.
, 1979, “
Failure Analysis of a 414mPa (60,000psi) Isostatic Press
,”
PVPD Conference
, San Francisco, June 25–29, ASME Paper No. 79-PVP-18. (discussed in Part II, Ref. 9).
6.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1985, “
Pressure Systems Energy Release Protection
,” NASA Contract Report 178090, NASI-17278, Jan. (published by NTIS, May 1986).
7.
Brown
,
S. J.
, and
Kirby
,
C. E.
, 1984, “
An Overview of Energy Release and Protection
,”
Impact, Fragmentation, and Blast
,
ASME
,
New York
, ASME Vol.
82
.
8.
Brown
,
S. J.
, and
Kirby
,
C. E.
, 1985, “
Protection Against Pressure Vessel and Piping Explosion/Ruptures
,”
ASME
,
New York
, Chap. 2 (see also Chaps. 8 and 9).
9.
Brown
,
S. J.
, (ed), 1984,
Impact, Fragmentation, and Blast
ASME
,
New York
, Vol.
82
PVP.
10.
Brown
,
S. J.
, and
Baker
,
W.
, 1985, “
Energy Release Protection for Pressurized Systems Part I Review of Studies into Blast and Fragmentation
,”
Appl. Mech. Rev.
0003-6900,
38
(
12
), pp.
1625
1651
.
11.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1986, “
Energy Release Protection for Pressurized Systems Part II Review of Studies Into Impact/Terminal Ballistics
,”
Appl. Mech. Rev.
0003-6900,
39
(
2
), pp.
177
201
.
12.
Green
,
A. M.
, 1955,
History of Boiler Codes
,
ASME
,
New York
.
13.
Farr
,
J.
, 1982, “
Code Design and Technology
,” “
Code and Design Technology
,”
ASME Decade of Progress
,
ASME
,
New York
.
14.
Assheton
,
R.
, 1930,
History of Explosions
, Institute of Makers of Explosives, USAF Academy Library.
15.
Lees
,
F. P.
, 1996,
Loss Prevention in the Process Industries
, 2nd ed.,
Butterworth—Heinemann
,
Oxford
, United Kingdom (1st printing, 1980,
2
vols.).
16.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1994, “
An Overview of the Proposed ASME Code—BPTCS/HPS SC6000, Hazardous Release Protection
,” Vol.
1
,
Process Plant Safety Symposium
, AIChE (South Texas Section).
17.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1995, “
Hazardous Release Protection: Code and Standard Considerations
,”
First International Plant Operations and Design Conference
, Vol.
2
, Session 8, AIChE Symposium, March.
18.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 1995, “
Hazardous Release Protection: Code and Standard Considerations for Pressure Systems
,”
Process Saf. Prog.
1066-8527,
14
(
4
), pp.
244
256
.
19.
Brown
,
S. J.
, and
Lemay
,
I.
, 2000, “
Risk-Based Hazardous Release Protection and Prevention by Inspection and Maintenance
,”
ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol.
0094-9930, August 2000, Vol.
122
, ASME, New York, NY.
20.
Brown
,
S. J.
,
Sundararajan
,
C. R.
, and
Short
,
W. E.
, 1994,
Pipe Risk Analysis: A Case Study
,
ASME
,
New York
, PVP-285.
21.
2003, “
The Mark
,” ASME Newsletter, Nov.
22.
Brown
,
S. J.
, 2006, “
Historical Development of a Standard to Reduce Risk From Pressure Systems Failure–Part II: The ASME HPS Section 6000
,”,
128
(
1
), pp.
116
121
.
You do not currently have access to this content.