... compression ignition injection strategy wear particulate emissions lubricating oil chemical characterization combustion energy conversion tribology Economists have predicted total annual global energy consumption will increase by 1.3% in 2023 [ 1 ]. At the same time, renewable energy...

... ignition engine. Experiments were carried out at 5- and 10-bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine loads at 1500–2500 rpm engine speeds using a triple injection strategy (two pilots and one main injection) for all test conditions. The combustion phasing was kept constant with respect to crank angle...