Fig. 1 Comprehensive illustration of cardiac structure and mechanical behavior during the cardiac cycle. The top panel illustrates the anatomy of the porcine heart TVs. The middle panel shows the TV transformation between diastole and systole. The lower panel details the corresponding microstructu... More about this image found in Comprehensive illustration of cardiac structure and mechanical behavior dur...

Fig. 2 ( a ) Image data set showing stained VIC nuclei along with imaris -segmented surfaces and ( b ) a representative segmented VIC nuclei with the semi-axes notation a , b , and c used for nuclear aspect ratio calculation More about this image found in ( a ) Image data set showing stained VIC nuclei along with imaris -seg...

Fig. 3 Diagram illustrating the model. Cell nuclei were represented as ellipsoids. Deformation of these ellipsoids resulted from the rotation and stretching of extracellular matrix fibers within the micro-scale representative volume element and the NAR was calculated for various macro-scale loadin... More about this image found in Diagram illustrating the model. Cell nuclei were represented as ellipsoids....

Fig. 4 Simulated multi-scale model response after fitting the model parameters to equibiaxial data measured using biaxial tensile testing equipment ( R 2 = 0.94 ) More about this image found in Simulated multi-scale model response after fitting the model parameters to ...

Fig. 5 Comparison of the undeformed and deformed states of the finite element model under different equibiaxial loading conditions. Each configuration shows the effect of fiber stretching on the deformation of a representative embedded ellipsoid-shaped cell nucleus. The cell nucleus was positioned... More about this image found in Comparison of the undeformed and deformed states of the finite element mode...

Fig. 6 Variations in NAR under equibiaxial mechanical loading across four scenarios. ( a ) Scenario I represents a fiber network with cell nuclei oriented in 80 different alignments relative to the mean fiber direction. ( b ) Scenario II features a network where cell nuclei have 80 differe... More about this image found in Variations in NAR under equibiaxial mechanical loading across four scenario...

Fig. 7 Comparison of the nuclear deformation simulation in two networks with different mean fiber orientations. The figure depicts the NAR changes, within a representative fiber element (RVE): ( a ) The fibers in the RVE are mainly aligned circumferentially and ( b ) RVE fibers are mainly ... More about this image found in Comparison of the nuclear deformation simulation in two networks with diffe...

Fig. 1 VARTM process configuration More about this image found in VARTM process configuration

Fig. 2 3D-printed molds for casting tensile and flexural resin specimens More about this image found in 3D-printed molds for casting tensile and flexural resin specimens

Fig. 3 Environmental chamber details: ( a ) environmental chamber dimensions, ( b ) samples fitted into the lid of the environmental chamber, and ( c ) schematic representation of the environmental chamber More about this image found in Environmental chamber details: ( a ) environmental chamber dimensions, ( b ...

Fig. 4 Environmental chamber leak-proof test temperature versus time curves for the outside and inside of the environmental chamber and the top and bottom faces of the samples exposed to −60/23 °C More about this image found in Environmental chamber leak-proof test temperature versus time curves for th...

Fig. 5 Dimensions of resin specimens for tensile testing More about this image found in Dimensions of resin specimens for tensile testing

Fig. 6 Dimensions of resin specimens for flexural testing More about this image found in Dimensions of resin specimens for flexural testing

Fig. 7 Representative tensile stress–strain curves of woven carbon FRP composites conditioned to three temperatures: −60 °C, 23 °C, and −60/23 °C More about this image found in Representative tensile stress–strain curves of woven carbon FRP composites ...

Fig. 8 Representative tensile stress–strain curves of woven Kevlar ® FRP composites conditioned to three temperatures: −60 °C, 23 °C, and −60/23 °C More about this image found in Representative tensile stress–strain curves of woven Kevlar ® FRP composit...

Fig. 9 Representative tensile stress–strain curves of resin samples conditioned to two temperatures: −60 °C and 23 °C More about this image found in Representative tensile stress–strain curves of resin samples conditioned to...