Numerical Simulations of an Active-Stressing Technique for Delaying Fracture During Cutting of Alumina

During a variety of high-speed cutting operations that can include both laser and traditional saw methods, full workpiece support is not always practical or even possible. As a result, costly premature fractures and associated damage such as chips, burrs, and cracks (ranging from the micro- all the way to the macroscale) can result. In most instances, the resulting stresses are primarily mechanical in nature and arise from the bending and/or twisting moments from the still attached scrap. Under these conditions, mixed-mode fracture is all but inevitable since the supporting section is continuously diminishing as the cut progresses. Given the predominantly mechanical, and therefore predictable, nature of the resulting stresses, it is conceivable that intentionally induced, compressive stresses due to an off-focus laser might be used to control (or at least, delay) such fractures. In this paper, the possibility of using a tailored laser-heating scenario ahead of a progressing cut to “actively” induce compressive thermal stresses to control fracture of a cantilevered plate was numerically investigated. A simulation of this active-stressing approach was achieved by using a customized finite-element formulation that was previously employed to model dual-beam laser machining. However, in this instance probabilistic fracture mechanics was used to quantify the influence of the induced compressive stresses on the time and nature of the fracture. The effect of important parameters such as $CO2$ beam diameter, incident power density, positioning of the laser with respect to cut, as well as timing were then studied with respect to the goal of reducing and/or delaying the likelihood of fracture.