... transfer against wall thickness at inner surface for multiple dimensionless ratios at T in,W  = 450 K Changes of the convective heat transfer against wall thickness at inner surface for multiple dimensionless ratios at Tin,W = 450 K Fig. 7 Changes of the convective heat transfer against wall...

... G j = jet to surface gap (m) G j /D j = normalized target plate-to-nozzle gap h = convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 K) H p = pin height (m) H p /D j = pin height to diameter ratio I = turbulent intensity JIC = jet impingement cooling...

... and K) ±0.116 ±0.0289 ±0.0518 ±0.1 ±0.0058 1 Corresponding author. e-mail:  hong@mech.kagoshima-u.ac.jp 20 07 2021 01 12 2021 18 01 2022 convection heat transfer total enthalpy total temperature gas flow microtube The need for understanding heat...

... for the most difficult situation) than that necessary for exhaustive search. constructal design Y-shaped cavity convection heat transfer exhaustive search genetic algorithm Constructal theory has generated a worldwide movement toward design as science, i.e., design based on physics...

...Cong Qi; Yurong He; Yanwei Hu; Juancheng Yang; Fengchen Li; Yulong Ding In this work, the natural convection heat transfer of Cu-gallium nanofluid in a differentially heated enclosure is investigated. A single-phase model is employed with constant or temperature-dependent properties of the fluid...

... − T m ) is the convective heat transfer coefficient. With the use of Eqs. 19 , 20 , the energy equation 18 reduces to 21 d 2 Φ d η 2 = 1 4 Nu [ G − u u m ( 1 + G ) ] where Nu is the Nusselt number, and G is the ratio of energy...

... formulations from Wilke ( 30 ) and Mason and Saxena ( 31 ). convection convection heat transfer hot-wire correlation air-helium mixture The validation of predictive turbulent transport models for inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and variable-density flows requires a priori knowledge...