... photon Monte Carlo RTE solver High speed atmospheric entry of both manned and unmanned vehicles, or missions, which use aerobraking to manipulate vehicle trajectories, can lead to high levels of radiative heating. High temperatures develop in the shock layer, leading to chemical and thermal...

... and/or strong scattering. In the same geometry with a gray medium, the hybrid method was found to be as much as 100 times more efficient than the CADOM. Based on these comprehensive studies, it is believed that the proposed hybrid S N -P N solver holds strong potential as an RTE solver since it is able...

..., and the discrepancy between MC and P 3 results increase as the optical thickness is decreased. The P 3 approximation is found to be more accurate than the P 1 approximation for optically thick cases. Finally, the new RTE solver is coupled to a reacting flow code and demonstrated for a laminar flame calculation using...