Issue Section:
Boiling and Condensation
Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received by the Heat Transfer Division May 23, 2000; revision received November 13, 2000. Associate Editor: D. Poulikakos.
The Knudsen number (Kn) is defined as the ratio of the mean free path of a gas, λ, to a dimension of an object which interacts with the gas, x, According to Rohsenow and Choi 1, when fluid velocities are small relative to the speed of sound, the dynamics of a gas can be loosely classified into four regimes, the boundaries of which are determined by characteristic Knudsen numbers.
(1)
When the mean free path of a gas is small compared with the dimensions of the system, and the gas may be approximated as a continuous medium. This is known...
1.
Rohsenow, W. M., and Choi, H., 1961, Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
2.
Loeb, L. B., 1934, The Kinetic Theory of Gases, Second ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York and London.
3.
Kennard, E. H., 1938, Kinetic Theory of Gases, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York and London.
4.
Knudsen, M., 1950, Kinetic Theory of Gases, Third ed., Methuen and Co., London.
5.
Schrage, R. W., 1953, A Theoretical Study of Interphase Mass Transfer, Columbia University Press, New York.
6.
Nabavian
, K.
, and Bromley
, L. A.
, 1963
, “Condensation Coefficient of Water
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
, 18
, pp. 651
–660
.7.
Collier, J. G., 1981, Convective Boiling and Condensation, Second ed., McGraw-Hill, Berkshire, England.
8.
Patterson, G. N., 1956, Molecular Flow of Gases, John Wiley and Sons.
9.
Chapman, S., and Cowling, T. G., 1970, The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, Third ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
10.
Langmuir
, I.
, 1915
, “The Dissociation of Hydrogen Into Atoms, Part II
,” J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, 37
, p. 417
417
.11.
Shankar
, P. N.
, 1970
, “A Kinetic Theory of Steady Condensation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 40
No. 2
, pp. 385
–400
.12.
Pao
, Y.-P.
, 1971
, “Application of Kinetic Theory to the Problem of Evaporation and Condensation
,” Phys. Fluids
, 14
, No. 2
, pp. 306
–312
.13.
Pao
, Y.-P.
, 1971
, “Temperature and Density Jumps in the Kinetic Theory of Gases and Vapors
,” Phys. Fluids
, 14
, No. 7
, pp. 1340
–1346
.14.
Sone
, Y.
, and Onishi
, Y.
, 1978
, “Kinetic Theory of Evaporation and Condensation—Hydrodynamic Equation and Slip Boundary Condition
,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
, 44
, No. 6
, pp. 1981
–1994
.15.
Labuntsov
, D. A.
, and Kryukov
, A. P.
, 1979
, “Analysis of Intensive Evaporation and Condensation
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 22
, pp. 989
–1002
.16.
Bird, G. A., 1994, Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows, Oxford University Press.
17.
Carey
, V. P.
, Oyumi
, S. M.
, and Ahmed
, S.
, 1997
, “Post-Nucleation Growth of Water Microdroplets in Supersaturated Gas Mixtures: A Molecular Simulation Study
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 40
, No. 10
, pp. 2393
–2406
.18.
Kang
, S.-W.
, 1967
, “Analysis of Condensation Droplet Growth in Rarefied and Continuum Environments
,” AIAA J.
, 5
, No. 7
, pp. 1288
–1295
.19.
Young
, J. B.
, 1991
, “The Condensation and Evaporation of Liquid Droplets in a Pure Vapour at Arbitrary Knudsen Number
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 34
, No. 7
, pp. 1649
–1661
.20.
Harvie
, D. J. E.
, and Fletcher
, D. F.
, 2001
, “A Hydrodynamic and Thermodynamic Simulation of Droplet Impacts on Hot Surfaces, Part I: Theoretical Model
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 44
, No. 14
, pp. 2633
–2642
.21.
Harvie
, D. J. E.
, and Fletcher
, D. F.
, 2001
, “A Hydrodynamic and Thermodynamic Simulation of Droplet Impacts on Hot Surfaces, Part II: Validation and Applications
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 44
, No. 14
, pp. 2643
–2659
.22.
Fletcher
, D. F.
, and Theofanous
, T. G.
, 1997
, “Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamic Aspects of Explosive Melt-Water Interactions
,” Adv. Heat Transfer
, 29
, pp. 129
–213
.23.
Inoue
, A.
, Ganguli
, A.
, and Bankoff
, S. G.
, 1981
, “Destabilization of Film Boiling Due to Arrival of a Pressure Shock, Part II: Analytical
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
, 103
, pp. 465
–471
.24.
Corradini
, M. L.
, 1983
, “Modeling Film Boiling Destabilization Due to a Pressure Shock Arrival
,” Nucl. Sci. Eng.
, 84
, pp. 196
–205
.25.
Knowles, J. B., 1985, “A Mathematical Model of Vapour Film Destabilisation,” Technical Report AEEW-R1933, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Winfrith, Dorchester, Dorset.
26.
Heideger
, W. J.
, and Boudart
, M.
, 1962
, “Interfacial Resistance to Evaporation
,” Chem. Eng. Sci.
, 17
, pp. 1
–10
.27.
Mills
, A. F.
, and Seban
, R. A.
, 1967
, “The Condensation Coefficient of Water
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf.
, 10
, pp. 1815
–1827
.Copyright © 2001
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
