.... Previous work on FB atomizers, however, has mostly involved only water and a relatively narrow range of parameters. In this study, a phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) instrument was used to characterize FB atomizer sprays and determine the effects of varying surface tension and viscosity of the liquid...

... is computationally efficient relative to traditional volume-of-fluid (VOF) methods, numerical challenges remain particularly for solutions involving capillary waves and in the higher Weber number, low surface tension range. A depth-averaged approximation of the Navier–Stokes equations has been used to explore...

..., thermal conductivity, and surface tension. In this paper, the thermal performance of seawater cooling towers is investigated using a detailed model of a counterflow wet cooling tower. The model takes into consideration the coupled heat and mass transfer processes and does not make any of the conventional...

... properties were suggested. In general, longer ignition delays were observed for component fuels with lower liquid fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and liquid-air surface tension. Longer ignition delay was also observed for component fuels with higher fuel volatility, as measured by boiling point and vapor...

... for hydraulically nonequilibrium flows in a multiple channel consisting of two subchannels simplifying a triangle tight lattice rod bundle. In order to know the effects of the reduced surface tension on the void drift, water and water with a surfactant were used as test liquids. In addition, data on the void...