The present paper reports on the analysis of the motion of adhesive particles and deposit formation in a 3D linear compressor cascade in order to investigate the fouling in turbomachinery flows. The unsteady flow field is provided by a prior hybrid large-eddy simulation (LES)/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computation. The particles are individually tracked and the deposit formation is evaluated on the basis of the well-established Thornton and Ning model. Although the study is limited to three regions of the blade, where the most relevant turbulent phenomena occurs, the prediction of fouling shows good agreement with real situations. Deposits form near the casing and the hub, in the zones where there are strong vortical structures originated by the tip leakage and hub vortices. On the blade, the deposit analysis is focused on three main regions: (a) along the stagnation region on the leading edge; (b) on the suction side, where the particles are conveyed by the hub vortex towards blade surfaces; and (c) on the pressure side, where a clean zone forms between leading edge and the blade surface, as can be seen in real compressors.
Issue Section:
Gas Turbines: Industrial & Cogeneration
References
1.
Song
, W. T.
, Sohn
, J. L.
, Kim
, T. S.
, Kim
, J. H.
, and Ro
, S. T.
, 2003, “An Improved Analytic Model to Predict Fouling Phenomena in the Axial Compressor of Gas Turbine Engines
,” Proceedings of the International Gas Turbines Congress
, Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 2–7, Paper No. IGTC2003Tokyo TS-095.2.
Stalder
, J.-P.
, 1998, “Gas Turbine Compressor Washing State of the Art: Field Experiences
,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 123
, pp. 363
–370
.3.
Jordal
, K.
, Assadi
, M.
, and Genrup
, M.
, 2002, “Variations in Gas-Turbine Blade Life and Cost Due to Compressor Fouling—A Thermoeconomic Approach
,” Int. J. Appl. Thermodyn.
, 5
(1
), pp. 37
–47
.4.
Aker
, G. F.
, and Saravanamuttoo
, H. I. H.
, 1989, “Predicting Gas Turbine Performance Degradation Due to Compressor Fouling Using Computer Simulation Technique
,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 111
, pp. 343
–350
.5.
Gbadebo
, S. A.
, Hynes
, T. P.
, and Cumpsty
, N. A.
, 2004, “Influence of Surface Roughness on Three-Dimensional Separation in Axial Compressors
,” J. Turbomach.
, 126
, pp. 455
–463
.6.
Morini
, M.
, Pinelli
, M.
, Spina
, P. R.
, and Venturini
, M.
, 2010, “Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Fouling on Axial Compressor Stages
,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 132
(7
), p. 072401
.7.
Morini
, M.
, Pinelli
, M.
, Spina
, P. R.
, and Venturini
, M.
, 2011, “Numerical Analysis of the Effects on Nonuniform Surface Roughness on Compressor Stage Performance
,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 133
(7
), p. 072402
.8.
Syverud
, E.
, Brekke
, O.
, and Bakken
, L. E.
, 2007, “Axial Compressor Deterioration Caused by Watersalt Ingestion
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 129
, pp. 119
–127
.9.
Syverud
, E.
, and Bakken
, L. E.
, 2006, “The Impact of Surface Roughness on Axial Compressor Performance Deterioration
,” Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Barcelona, Spain, May 8–11, ASME
Paper No. GT2006-90004.10.
Saeidi
, H.
, Safari
, A.
, and Gelgele
, H. L.
, 2011, “A Quantitative Prediction of Axial Compressor Performance Deterioration Using Fouling Full 3D Modelling
,” Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Applied Energy
, U. Desideri, and J. Yan, eds., Perugia, Italy, May 16–18, pp. 2327
–2338
.11.
Kurz
, R.
, and Brun
, K.
, 2012, “Fouling Mechanisms in Axial Compressors
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 134
(3
), p. 032401
.12.
Borello
, D.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2007, “Computation of Tip-Leakage Flow in a Linear Compressor Cascade With a Second-Moment Turbulence Closure
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 28
, pp. 587
–601
.13.
Borello
, D.
, Hanjalic
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2005, “Prediction of Turbulence and Transition in Turbomachinery Flows Using an Innovative Second Moment Closure Modelling
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 127
, pp. 1059
–1070
.14.
Borello
, D.
, Delibra
, G.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2009, “Large-Eddy Simulations of Tip Leakage and Secondary Flows in an Axial Compressor Cascade Using a Near-Wall Turbulence Model
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A
, 223
(A6 SI
), pp. 645
–655
.15.
Delibra
, G.
, Borello
, D.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2010, “Vortex Structures and Heat Transfer in a Wall-Bounded Pin Matrix: LES With a RANS Wall-Treatment
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 31
(5
), pp. 740
–753
.16.
Zhao
, B.
, Yang
, C.
, Yang
, X.
, and Liu
, S.
, 2008, “Particle Dispersion and Deposition in Ventilated Rooms: Testing and Evaluation of Different Eulerian and Lagrangian Models
,” Build. Environ.
, 43
(4
), pp. 388
–397
.17.
Zhou
, H.
, Jensen
, P. A.
, and Frandsen
, F. J.
, 2007, “Dynamic Mechanistic Model of Superheater Deposit Growth and Shedding in a Biomass Fired Grate Boiler
,” Fuel
, 86
, pp. 1519
–1533
.18.
Liu
, Y.
, Matida
, E. A.
, Gu
, J.
, and Johnson
, M. R.
, 2007, “Numerical Simulation of Aerosol Deposition in a 3-D Human Nasal Cavity Using RANS, RANS/EIM, and LES
,” J. Aerosol Sci.
, 38
(7
), pp. 683
–700
.19.
van Beek
, M. C.
, 2001, “Gas-Side Fouling in Heat-Recovery Boilers
,” Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Germany.20.
Venturini
, P.
, Borello
, D.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2010, “Modelling of Particle Deposition in an Environment Relevant to Biomass-Fired Boilers
,” Appl. Therm. Eng.
(in press).21.
Venturini
, P.
, Borello
, D.
, Iossa
, C.
, Lentini
, D.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2010, “Modelling of Multiphase Combustion and Deposit Formation in a Biomass-Fed Furnace
,” Energy
, 35
, pp. 3008
–3021
.22.
Venturini
, P.
, Borello
, D.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2009, “A Study of Wall-Deposit Formation Using LES-Generated Velocity Field
,” Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 6
, Sixth International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, K. Hanjalić, Y. Nagano, and S. Jakirlic, eds., Rome, Italy, Sept. 14–18, Begell House Publishers, Redding, CT.23.
Thornton
, C.
, and Ning
, Z.
, 1998, “A Theoretical Model for Stick/Bounce Behaviour of Adhesive, Elastic-Plastic Spheres
,” Powder Technol.
, 99
, pp. 154
–162
.24.
Germano
, M.
, Piomelli
, U.
, Moin
, P.
, and Cabot
, W.
, 1991, “A Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Eddy Viscosity Model
,” Phys. Fluids A
, 3
, pp. 1760
–1765
.25.
Borello
, D.
, and Orlandi
, P.
, 2011, “DNS Scrutiny of the Z-F Elliptic-Relaxation Eddy-Viscosity Model in Channel Flows With a Moving Wall
,” Flow, Turbul. Combust.
(in press).26.
Crowe
, C. T.
, and Mechaelides
, E. E.
, 2006, “Basic Concepts and Definitions
,” Multiphase Flow Handbook
, C. T.
Crowe
, ed., CRC
, Boca Raton
, FL.27.
Crowe
, C. T.
, Troutt
, T. R.
, and Chung
, J. N.
, 1996, “Numerical Models for Two-Phase Turbulent Flows
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 28
, pp. 11
–43
.28.
Armenio
, V.
, and Fiorotto
, V.
, 2001, “The Importance of the Forces Acting on Particles in Turbulent Flows
,” Phys. Fluids
, 13
(8
), pp. 2437
–2440
.29.
Johnson
, K. L.
, Kendall
, K.
, and Roberts
, A. D.
, 1971, “Surface Energy and the Contact of Elastic Solids
,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
, 324
, pp. 301
–313
.30.
Muthanna
, C.
, and Devenport
, W. J.
, 2004, “Wake of a Compressor Cascade With Tip Gap, Part 1: Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure
,” AIAA J.
, 11
, pp. 2320
–2331
.31.
Borello
, D.
, Delibra
, G.
, Hanjalić
, K.
, and Rispoli
, F.
, 2010, “Hybrid LES/RANS Study of Turbulent Flow in a Linear Compressor Cascade With Moving Casing
,” ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air (GT2010)
, Glasgow, UK, June 14–18, ASME
, New York
, pp. 2735
–2744
.32.
Ničeno
, B.
, and Hanjalić
, K.
, 2005, “Unstructured Large-Eddy and Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulations of Wall-Bounded Flows
,” Modeling and Simulation of Turbulent Heat Transfer
(Developments in Heat Transfer), M.
Faghri
and B.
Sunden
, eds., WIT
, Southampton, UK
, pp. 35
–73
, Chap. 2.33.
Ferziger
, J. H.
, and Peric
, M.
, 2001, Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics
, Springer-Verlag
, Berlin
.34.
Dubief
, Y.
, and Delcayre
, F.
, 2000, “On Coherent-Vortex Identification in Turbulence
,” J. Turbul.
, 1
, p. N11
.35.
Vigueras Zuniga
, M. O.
, 2007, “Analysis of Gas Turbine Compressor Fouling and Washing On Line
,” Ph.D. thesis, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, UK.Copyright © 2012
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
