This study reports an efficient reduction of the drag exerted by a flow on a cylinder when the former is forced with a plasma actuator. A three-electrode plasma device (TED) disposed on the surface of the body is considered, and the effect of the actuation frequency and amplitude is studied. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements provided a detailed information that was processed to obtain the time-averaged drag force and to compare the performances of TED actuator and the canonical dielectric discharge barrier actuator. For the Reynolds number considered (Re = 5500), excitations with the TED actuator were more efficient, achieving drag reductions that attained values close to 40% with high net energy savings. The reduction of coherent structures using the instantaneous vorticity fields and a clustering technique allowed us to gain insight into the physical mechanisms involved in these phenomena. This highlights that the symmetrical forcing of the wake flow at its resonant frequency with the TED promotes symmetrical vorticity patterns which favor drag reductions.
Issue Section:
Fundamental Issues and Canonical Flows
References
1.
Artana
, G.
, D'Adamo
, J.
, Leger
, L.
, Moreau
, E.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 2002
, “Flow Control With Electrohydrodynamic Actuators
,” AIAA J.
, 40
(9
), pp. 1773
–1779
.2.
Moreau
, E.
, 2007
, “Airflow Control by Non Thermal Plasma Actuators
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
, 40
(3
), pp. 605
–636
.3.
Wang
, J. J.
, Choi
, K. S.
, Feng
, L. H.
, Jukes
, T. N.
, and Whalley
, R. D.
, 2013
, “Recent Developments in DBD Plasma Flow Control
,” Prog. Aerosp. Sci.
, 62
, pp. 52
–78
.4.
Benard
, N.
, and Moreau
, E.
, 2010
, “Capabilities of the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator for Multi-Frequency Excitations
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
, 43
(14
), p. 145201
.5.
Bhattacharya
, S.
, and Gregory
, J. W.
, 2015
, “Effect of Three-Dimensional Plasma Actuation on the Wake of a Circular Cylinder
,” AIAA J.
, 53
(4
), pp. 958
–967
.6.
Sosa
, R.
, Grondona
, D.
, Marquez
, A.
, Artana
, G.
, and Kelly
, H.
, 2010
, “On the Induced Gas Flow by a Trielectrode Plasma Curtain at Atmospheric Pressure
,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
, 46
(3
), pp. 1132
–1137
.7.
Corke
, T.
, Enloe
, C.
, and Wilkinson
, S.
, 2010
, “Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 42
(1
), pp. 505
–529
.8.
Duchmann
, A.
, Simon
, B.
, Tropea
, C.
, and Grundmann
, S.
, 2014
, “Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for in-Flight Transition Delay
,” AIAA J.
, 52
(2
), pp. 358
–367
.9.
D'Adamo
, J.
, Sosa
, R.
, and Artana
, G.
, 2014
, “Active Control of a Backward Facing Step Flow With Plasma Actuators
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 136
(12
), p. 121105.10.
Marks
, C. R.
, Sondergaard
, R.
, Wolff
, M.
, and Anthony
, R.
, 2013
, “Experimental Comparison of DBD Plasma Actuators for Low Reynolds Number Separation Control
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 135
(1
), p. 011024
.11.
Yang
, L.
, Li
, J.
, Cai
, J.
, Wang
, G.
, and Zhang
, Z.
, 2016
, “Lift Augmentation Based on Flap Deflection With Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Flow Control Over Multi-Element Airfoils
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 138
(3
), p. 031401
.12.
Rizzetta
, D. P.
, and Visbal
, M. R.
, 2012
, “Plasma Control for a Maneuvering Low-Aspect-Ratio Wing at Low Reynolds Number
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 134
(12
), p. 121104
.13.
Michelis
, T.
, and Kotsonis
, M.
, 2015
, “Flow Control on a Transport Truck Side Mirror Using Plasma Actuators
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 137
(11
), p. 111103
.14.
Artana
, G.
, Desimone
, G.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 1999
, “Study of the Changes in the Flow Around a Cylinder Caused by Electroconvection
,” Proceedings of the 10th Electrostatics International Conference (ELECTROSTATICS), Cambridge, UK, March 28–31, pp. 147
–152
.15.
Artana
, G.
, Sosa
, R.
, Moreau
, E.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 2003
, “Control of the Near-Wake Flow Around a Circular Cylinder With Electrohydrodynamic Actuators
,” Exp. Fluids
, 35
(6
), pp. 580
–588
.16.
MacLaughin
, T. E.
, Funska
, M. D.
, Vaeth
, J. P.
, Daulwalter
, T. E.
, Goode
, J. R.
, and Siegel
, S. G.
, 2004
, “Plasma-Based Actuators for Cylinder Wake Vortex Control
,” AIAA Meeting
, Portland, Oregon.17.
Jukes
, T. N.
, and Choi
, K. S.
, 2009
, “Flow Control Around a Circular Cylinder Using Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Surface Plasma
,” Phys. Fluids
, 21
(8), p. 084103.18.
Jukes
, T. N.
, and Choi
, K.-S.
, 2009
, “Long Lasting Modifications to Vortex Shedding Using a Short Plasma Excitation
,” Phys. Rev. Lett.
, 102
(25
), p. 254501
.19.
D'Adamo
, J.
, Gonzalez
, L. M.
, Gronskis
, A.
, and Artana
, G.
, 2012
, “The Scenario of Two-Dimensional Instabilities of the Cylinder Wake Under EHD Forcing: A Linear Stability Analysis
,” Fluid Dyn. Res.
, 44
(5
), p. 055501.20.
Benard
, N.
, and Moreau
, E.
, 2013
, “Response of a Circular Cylinder Wake to a Symmetric Actuation by Non-Thermal Plasma Discharges
,” Exp. Fluids
, 54
, p. 1467.21.
Funaoka
, S.
, Yamada
, S.
, Ichikawa
, S.
, and Ishikawa
, H.
, 2014
, “Interaction of Streamwise Vortex Pair Induced by Counter Type Plasma Jet With Flow Past a Circular Cylinder
,” J. Fluid Sci. Technol.
, 9
(3
), p. JFST0050
.22.
Roth
, J. R.
, 2003
, “Aerodynamic Flow Acceleration Using Paraelectric and Peristaltic Electrohydrodynamic Effects of a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma
,” Phys. Plasmas
, 10
(5
), pp. 2117
–2126
.23.
Berendt
, A.
, Podliński
, J.
, and Mizeraczyk
, J.
, 2011
, “Elongated DBD With Floating Interelectrodes for Actuators
,” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.
, 55
(1
), p. 13804
.24.
Louste
, C.
, Artana
, G.
, Moreau
, E.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 2005
, “Sliding Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure: Electrical Properties
,” J. Electrost.
, 63
(6–10
), pp. 615
–620
.25.
Moreau
, E.
, Louste
, C.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 2008
, “Electric Wind Induced by Sliding Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure
,” J. Electrost.
, 66
(1
), pp. 107
–114
.26.
Sosa
, R.
, D'Adamo
, J.
, and Artana
, G.
, 2009
, “Circular Cylinder Drag Reduction by Three-Electrode Plasma Actuators
,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
, 166
(1
), p. 012015
.27.
Benard
, N.
, and Moreau
, E.
, 2009
, “Electric Wind Produced by a Surface Plasma Discharge Energized by a Burst Modulated High Voltage
,” 29th International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases
, Cancún, Mexico, July 12–17.28.
Moreau
, E.
, Sosa
, R.
, and Artana
, G.
, 2008
, “Electric Wind Produced by Surface Plasma Actuators: A New Dielectric Barrier Discharge Based on a Three-Electrode Geometry
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys
, 41
(11
), p. 115204.29.
Burkardt
, J.
, Gunzburger
, M.
, and Lee
, H. C.
, 2006
, “POD and CVT-Based Reduced-Order Modeling of Navier-Stokes Flows
,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng.
, 196
(1–3), pp. 337–355.30.
Williamson
, C. H. K.
, 1996
, “Vortex Dynamics in the Cylinder Wake
,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.
, 28
(1
), pp. 477
–539
.31.
Sosa
, R.
, Arnaud
, E.
, Memin
, E.
, and Artana
, G.
, 2009
, “Study of the Flow Induced by a Sliding Discharge
,” IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.
, 16
(2
), pp. 305
–311
.32.
Pons
, J.
, Moreau
, E.
, and Touchard
, G.
, 2005
, “Asymmetric Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure: Electrical Properties and Induced Airflow Characteristics
,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
, 38
(19
), pp. 3635
–3642
.33.
Kurtulus
, D. F.
, Scarano
, F.
, and David
, L.
, 2007
, “Unsteady Aerodynamic Forces Estimation on a Square Cylinder by TR-PIV
,” Exp. Fluids
, 42
(2
), pp. 185
–196
.34.
Fujisawa
, N.
, Tanahashi
, S.
, and Srinivas
, K.
, 2005
, “Evaluation of Pressure Field and Fluid Forces on a Circular Cylinder With and Without Rotational Oscillation Using Velocity Data From PIV Measurement
,” Meas. Sci. Technol.
, 16
(4
), p. 989
.35.
Unal
, M.
, Lin
, J.
, and Rockwell
, D.
, 1997
, “Force Prediction by PIV Imaging: A Momentum-Based Approach
,” J. Fluids Struct.
, 11
(8
), pp. 965
–971
.36.
Delany
, N. K.
, and Sorensen
, N. E.
, 1953
, “Low-Speed Drag of Cylinders of Various Shapes
,” National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington, DC, Report No. 3038
.37.
Kriegseis
, J.
, Duchmann
, A.
, Tropea
, C.
, and Grundmann
, S.
, 2013
, “On the Classification of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators: A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Study
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 114
(5
), p. 053301
.38.
Wesfreid
, J. E.
, Goujon Durand
, S.
, and Zielinska
, B.
, 1996
, “Global Mode Behavior of the Streamwise Velocity in Wakes
,” J. Phys. II
, 6
, pp. 1343
–1357
.39.
Noack
, B. R.
, Afanasiev
, K.
, Morzynski
, M.
, Tadmor
, G.
, and Thiele
, F.
, 2003
, “A Hierarchy of Low-Dimensional Models for the Transient and Post-Transient Cylinder Wake
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 497
, pp. 335
–363
.40.
Raspa
, V.
, Gaubert
, C.
, and Thiria
, B.
, 2012
, “Manipulating Thrust Wakes: A Parallel With Biomimetic Propulsion
,” Europhys. Lett.
, 97
(4
), p. 44008
.41.
Raspa
, V.
, Godoy-Diana
, R.
, and Thiria
, B.
, 2013
, “Topology-Induced Effect in Biomimetic Propulsive Wakes
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 729
, pp. 377
–387
.42.
Griffin
, O. M.
, 1995
, “A Note on Bluff Body Vortex Formation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 284
(2
), pp. 217
–224
.43.
Thiria
, B.
, and Wesfreid
, J. E.
, 2007
, “Stability Properties of Forced Wakes
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 579
, pp. 137
–161
.44.
D'Adamo
, J.
, Godoy-Diana
, R.
, and Wesfreid
, J. E.
, 2011
, “Spatio-Temporal Spectral Analysis of a Forced Cylinder Wake
,” Phys. Rev. E
, 84
(5
), p. 056308.45.
Kaiser
, E.
, Noack
, B.
, Cordier
, L.
, Spohn
, A.
, Segond
, M.
, Abel
, M.
, Daviller
, G.
, Osth
, J.
, Krajnović
, S.
, and Niven
, R. K.
, 2014
, “Cluster-Based Reduced-Order Modelling of a Mixing Layer
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 754
(9
), pp. 365
–414
.46.
Steinhaus
, H.
, 1956
, “Sur la Division des Corps matÃl'riels en Parties
,” Bull. lâĂŹAcadÃl'mie Pol. Sci
, IV
(12
), pp. 801
–804
.47.
Lloyd
, S.
, 1982
, “Least Squares Quantization in PCM
,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory
, 28
(2
), pp. 129
–137
.48.
Provansal
, M.
, Mathis
, C.
, and Boyer
, L.
, 1987
, “Bénard-von Kármán Instability: Transient and Forced Regimes
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 182
(1
), pp. 1
–22
.49.
Lumley
, J. L.
, 1967
, “The Structure of Inhomogeneous Turbulence
,” Atmospheric Turbulence and Radio Wave Propagation
, Nauka, Moscow, pp. 166
–178
.50.
Saffman
, P. G.
, 1992
, Vortex Dynamics
, Cambridge University Press
, New York
.51.
Lamb
, H.
, 1932
, Hydrodynamics
, Cambridge University Press
, New York
.52.
Williams
, D. R.
, Mansy
, H.
, and Amato
, C.
, 1992
, “The Response and Symmetry Properties of a Cylinder Wake Subjected to Localized Surface Excitation
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 234
, pp. 71
–96
.53.
Konstantinidis
, E.
, and Balabani
, S.
, 2007
, “Symmetric Vortex Shedding in the Near Wake of a Circular Cylinder Due to Streamwise Perturbations
,” J. Fluids Struct.
, 23
(7
), pp. 1047
–1063
.54.
Protas
, B.
, and Wesfreid
, J. E.
, 2003
, “On the Relation Between the Global Modes and the Spectra of Drag and Lift in Periodic Wake Flows
,” C. R. Mec.
, 331
(1
), pp. 49
–54
.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
