Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Flow Field in the Tip Region of an Axial Ventilation Fan

The tip leakage flow in an axial ventilation fan with various tip clearances is investigated by experimental measurement and numerical simulation. For a low-rotating-speed ventilation fan with a large tip clearance, both experimental measurement and numerical simulation indicate that the leakage flow originating from the tip clearance along the chord rolls up into a three-dimensional spiral structure to form a leakage flow vortex. The mixing interaction between the tip leakage flow and the main flow produces a low axial velocity region in the tip region, which leads to blockage of the main flow. As the tip clearance increases, the tip leakage flow and the reverse flow become stronger and fully developed. In addition, the position of the first appearance of the tip leakage vortex moves further downstream in a direction parallel to the mid chord line.