The phase composition and sintering behavior of two commercially available ceramics produced by Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo (DKKK) and Praxair have been studied. DKKK powders have been manufactured using a wet coprecipitation chemical route, and Praxair powders have been produced by spray pyrolysis. The morphology of the powders, as studied by scanning electron microscopy, has been very different. DKKK powders were presented as soft spherical agglomerates containing crystalline particles, whereas the Praxair powders were presented as sintered platelet agglomerates, up to long and thick, which consisted of smaller crystalline particles. X-ray diffraction analysis has shown that both DKKK and Praxair powders contained a mixture of cubic and rhombohedral phases: 79% cubic rhombohedral for DKKK powders and 88% cubic rhombohedral for Praxair powders. Higher quantities of the Si impurity level have been detected in Praxair powder as compared to DKKK powder by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The morphological features, along with differences in composition and the impurity level of both powders, resulted in significantly different sintering behaviors. The DKKK powders showed a more active sintering behavior than of Praxair powders, reaching 93–95% of theoretical density when sintered at for . Comparatively, the Praxair powders required high sintering temperatures at . However, even at such high sintering temperatures, a significant amount of porosity was observed. Both DKKK and Praxair ceramics sintered at or above exist in a cubic phase at room temperature. However, if sintered at and , the DKKK ceramics exist in a rhombohedral phase at room temperature. The DKKK ceramics sintered at or above exhibit cubic to rhombohedral and back to cubic phase transitions upon heating at a temperature range, while Praxair ceramics exist in a pure cubic phase upon heating from room temperature to . However, if heated rather fast, the cubic to rhombohedral phase transformation could be avoided. Thus it is not expected that the observed phase transitions play a significant role in developing transformation stresses in electrolyte upon heating and cooling down from the operation temperatures.
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May 2009
This article was originally published in
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology
Research Papers
Phase Stability and Sintering Behavior of Ceramics
Sergey Yarmolenko,
Sergey Yarmolenko
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures,
North Carolina A&T State University
, 1601 E. Market Street, 242 IRC Building, Greensboro, NC 27411
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Jag Sankar,
Jag Sankar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures,
North Carolina A&T State University
, 1601 E. Market Street, 242 IRC Building, Greensboro, NC 27411
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Nicholas Bernier,
Nicholas Bernier
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
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Michael Klimov,
Michael Klimov
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
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Jay Kapat,
Jay Kapat
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
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Nina Orlovskaya
Nina Orlovskaya
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
e-mail: norlovsk@mail.ucf.edu
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
Search for other works by this author on:
Sergey Yarmolenko
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures,
North Carolina A&T State University
, 1601 E. Market Street, 242 IRC Building, Greensboro, NC 27411
Jag Sankar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures,
North Carolina A&T State University
, 1601 E. Market Street, 242 IRC Building, Greensboro, NC 27411
Nicholas Bernier
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
Michael Klimov
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
Jay Kapat
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450
Nina Orlovskaya
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering,
University of Central Florida
, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816-2450e-mail: norlovsk@mail.ucf.edu
J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. May 2009, 6(2): 021007 (8 pages)
Published Online: February 24, 2009
Article history
Received:
June 13, 2007
Revised:
February 19, 2008
Published:
February 24, 2009
Citation
Yarmolenko, S., Sankar, J., Bernier, N., Klimov, M., Kapat, J., and Orlovskaya, N. (February 24, 2009). "Phase Stability and Sintering Behavior of Ceramics." ASME. J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. May 2009; 6(2): 021007. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2971126
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