... around the intake BDC is equal to the manifold absolute pressure (MAP); this requires the use of a MAP sensor, which is commonly integrated in modern spark ignition engine management systems. The second method instead forces the compression polytropic index to a fixed value, which should lie between 1.28...

... control of the ignition angle of a spark ignition engine. 1 General structure of a LFFC (learning feedforward controller) for the process P The output of the linear controller C (which is usually used to compensate for random disturbances) can serve as a reference signal for an adaptation...