Abstract

This paper proposes a new approach to cope with the kinematic nonlinearity in the H vehicle path-tracking controller synthesis problem. The kinematic nonlinearity presented in the vehicle lateral error state is found to satisfy the sector-bound condition. By isolating the sector-bounded nonlinearity via an upper linear fractional transformation (LFT), a Lur'e system is formulated. A nominal robust controller is synthesized to meet both the Popov-H criterion and the regional pole placement requirement. A polytopic gain-scheduling technique is subsequently employed to accommodate the effect of the varying vehicle longitudinal velocity. Finally, an instant-turning maneuver and a sharp lane-changing maneuver are tested in carsim-simulink joint simulations whose results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed Popov-H controller over a conventional H controller.

References

1.
Hancock
,
P. A.
,
Nourbakhsh
,
I.
, and
Stewart
,
J.
,
2019
, “
On the Future of Transportation in an Era of Automated and Autonomous Vehicles
,”
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
,
116
(
16
), pp.
7684
7691
.10.1073/pnas.1805770115
2.
Hu
,
C.
,
Jing
,
H.
,
Wang
,
R.
,
Yan
,
F.
, and
Chadli
,
M.
,
2016
, “
Robust H Output-Feedback Control for Path Following of Autonomous Ground Vehicles
,”
Mech. Syst. Signal Process
,
70–71
, pp.
414
427
.10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.09.017
3.
Rafaila
,
R. C.
, and
Livint
,
G.
,
2016
, “
H Control of Automatic Vehicle Steering
,”
2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE)
, Iasi, Romania, Oct. 20–22, pp.
31
36
.https://studylib.net/doc/25504082/hinfinity-autonomous
4.
Tai
,
M.
, and
Tomizuka
,
M.
,
1999
, “
Robust H Lateral Control of Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Automated Highway System
,”
Proceedings of the 1999 American Control Conference
, San Diego, CA, June 2–4, Vol. 5, pp.
3671
3675
.10.1109/ACC.1999.782451
5.
Zhou
,
K.
,
Doyle
,
J. C.
, and
Glover
,
K.
,
1996
,
Robust and Optimal Control
, Vol.
40
,
Prentice Hall
, Upper Saddle River,
NJ
.
6.
Wang
,
R.
,
Zhang
,
H.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2014
, “
Linear Parameter-Varying Controller Design for Four-Wheel Independently Actuated Electric Ground Vehicles With Active Steering Systems
,”
IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.
,
22
(
4
), pp.
1281
1296
.10.1109/TCST.2013.2278237
7.
Wang
,
R.
,
Zhang
,
H.
,
Wang
,
J.
,
Yan
,
F.
, and
Chen
,
N.
,
2015
, “
Robust Lateral Motion Control of Four-heel Independently Actuated Electric Vehicles With Tire Force Saturation Consideration
,”
J. Franklin Inst.
,
352
(
2
), pp.
645
668
.10.1016/j.jfranklin.2014.09.019
8.
Gáspár
,
P.
,
Szabó
,
Z.
,
Bokor
,
J.
, and
Nemeth
,
B.
,
2017
,
Robust Control Design for Active Driver Assistance Systems: A Linear-Parameter-Varying Approach
,
Springer International Publishing
,
Cham, Switzerland
.
9.
Sename
,
O.
,
Gaspar
,
P.
, and
Bokor
,
J.
, eds.,
2013
,
Robust Control and Linear Parameter Varying Approaches: Application to Vehicle Dynamics
,
Springer
,
Berlin Heidelberg
.
10.
Du
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
N.
, and
Dong
,
G.
,
2010
, “
Stabilizing Vehicle Lateral Dynamics With Considerations of Parameter Uncertainties and Control Saturation Through Robust Yaw Control
,”
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
59
(
5
), pp.
2593
2597
.10.1109/TVT.2010.2045520
11.
Zhang
,
H.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2016
, “
Vehicle Lateral Dynamics Control Through AFS/DYC and Robust Gain-Scheduling Approach
,”
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
65
(
1
), pp.
489
494
.10.1109/TVT.2015.2391184
12.
Park
,
J. H.
, and
Ahn
,
W. S.
,
1999
, “
H Yaw-Moment Control With Brakes for Improving Driving Performance and Stability
,”
1999 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (Cat. No.99TH8399)
, Atlanta, GA, Sept. 19–23, pp. 747–752.10.1109/AIM.1999.803132
13.
Cerone
,
V.
,
Milanese
,
M.
, and
Regruto
,
D.
,
2007
, “
Yaw Stability Control Design Through a Mixed Sensitivity Approach
,”
2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium
,
Istanbul, Turkey
, June 13–15, pp.
805
810
.10.1109/IVS.2007.4290215
14.
Yin
,
G.-D.
,
Chen
,
N.
,
Wang
,
J.-X.
, and
Chen
,
J.-S.
,
2010
, “
Robust Control for 4 WS Vehicles Considering a Varying Tire-Road Friction Coefficient
,”
Int. J. Automot. Technol.
,
11
(
1
), pp.
33
40
.10.1007/s12239-010-0005-5
15.
Yin
,
G.-D.
,
Chen
,
N.
,
Wang
,
J.-X.
, and
Wu
,
L.-Y.
,
2011
, “
A Study on μ-Synthesis Control for Four-Wheel Steering System to Enhance Vehicle Lateral Stability
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr.
,
133
(
1
), p.
011002
.10.1115/1.4002707
16.
Hang
,
P.
,
Chen
,
X.
,
Fang
,
S.
, and
Luo
,
F.
,
2017
, “
Robust Control for Four-Wheel-Independent-Steering Electric Vehicle With Steer-by-Wire System
,”
Int. J. Automot. Technol.
,
18
(
5
), pp.
785
797
.10.1007/s12239-017-0078-5
17.
Huang
,
X.
,
Zhang
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
G.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2014
, “
Robust Weighted Gain-Scheduling H Vehicle Lateral Motion Control With Considerations of Steering System Backlash-Type Hysteresis
,”
IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol.
,
22
(
5
), pp.
1740
1753
.10.1109/TCST.2014.2317772
18.
Chen
,
Y.
,
Stout
,
C.
,
Joshi
,
A.
,
Kuang
,
M. L.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2018
, “
Driver-Assistance Lateral Motion Control for In-Wheel-Motor-Driven Electric Ground Vehicles Subject to Small Torque Variation
,”
IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
,
67
(
8
), pp.
6838
6850
.10.1109/TVT.2018.2817514
19.
Jin
,
X.
,
Yu
,
Z.
,
Yin
,
G.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2018
, “
Improving Vehicle Handling Stability Based on Combined AFS and DYC System Via Robust Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Control
,”
IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
,
19
(
8
), pp.
2696
2707
.10.1109/TITS.2017.2754140
20.
Oke
,
P.
, and
Nguang
,
S. K.
,
2020
, “
Robust H ∞ Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Output-Feedback Control for Differential Speed Steering Vehicles
,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. D. J. Autom.
,
234
(
12
), pp.
2822
2835
.10.1177/0954407020918705
21.
Rigatos
,
G.
,
Siano
,
P.
,
Wira
,
P.
,
Busawon
,
K.
, and
Binns
,
R.
,
2020
, “
A Nonlinear H-Infinity Control Approach for Autonomous Truck and Trailer Systems
,”
Un. Sys.
,
8
(
1
), pp.
49
69
.10.1142/S2301385020500041
22.
Rigatos
,
G.
, and
Siano
,
P.
,
2015
, “
A New Nonlinear H-Infinity Feedback Control Approach to the Problem of Autonomous Robot Navigation
,”
Intell. Ind. Syst.
,
1
(
3
), pp.
179
186
.10.1007/s40903-015-0021-x
23.
Chen
,
Y.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2018
, “
Personalized Vehicle Path Following Based on Robust Gain-Scheduling Control in Lane-Changing and Left-Turning Maneuvers
,” 2018 Annual American Control Conference (
ACC
),
Milwaukee, WI
, June 27–29, pp.
4784
4789
.10.23919/ACC.2018.8431065
24.
Chen
,
Y.
,
Zhang
,
X.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2021
, “
Robust Vehicle Driver Assistance Control for Handover Scenarios Considering Driving Performances
,”
IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst.
,
51
(
7
), pp. 4160–4170.
25.
Sarkans
,
E.
, and
Logemann
,
H.
,
2015
, “
Input-to-State Stability of Lur'e Systems
,”
Math. Control Signals Syst.
,
27
(
4
), pp.
439
465
.10.1007/s00498-015-0147-0
26.
Pare
,
T.
,
2000
, “
Passivity-Based Analysis and Control of Nonlinear Systems
,” Ph.D. thesis,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Standard University
,
Stanford, CA
.
27.
Cole
,
M. O. T.
,
Chamroon
,
C.
, and
Keogh
,
P. S.
,
2017
, “
H-Infinity Controller Design for Active Magnetic Bearings Considering Nonlinear Vibrational Rotordynamics
,”
Mech. Eng. J.
,
4
(
5
), p.
16
.10.1299/mej.16-00716
28.
Gerami
,
A.
,
Fittro
,
R.
, and
Knospe
,
C.
,
2020
, “
Improving Disturbance Rejection in Nonlinear Active Magnetic Bearing Systems: Using Lur'e Formulation
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr.
,
142
(
4
), p.
041007
.10.1115/1.4045778
29.
Alvergue
,
L. D.
,
2013
, “
Feedback Control of Sector-Bound Nonlinear Systems With Applications to Aeroengine Control
,” Ph.D. thesis,
Agricultural and Mechanical College, Louisiana State University
,
LA
.
30.
Boyd
,
S.
,
Ghaoui
,
L. E.
,
Feron
,
E.
, and
Balakrishnan
,
V.
,
1994
,
Linear Matrix Inequalities in Systems and Control Theory
,
SIAM
,
Philadelphia, PA
.
31.
Chilali
,
M.
, and
Gahinet
,
P.
,
1996
, “
H Design With Pole Placement Constraints: An LMI Approach
,”
IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.
,
41
(
3
), pp.
358
367
.10.1109/9.486637
32.
Chilali
,
M.
,
Gahinet
,
P.
, and
Apkarian
,
P.
,
1999
, “
Robust Pole Placement in LMI Regions
,”
IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.
,
44
(
12
), pp.
2257
2270
.10.1109/9.811208
33.
Dullerud
,
G. E.
, and
Paganini
,
F.
,
2000
,
A Course in Robust Control Theory, a Convex Approach
,
Springer
,
New York
.
34.
Wang
,
Z.
,
Zha
,
J.
, and
Wang
,
J.
,
2020
, “
Autonomous Vehicle Trajectory Following: A Flatness Model Predictive Control Approach With Hardware-in-the-Loop Verification
,”
IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
, pp.
1
11
.10.1109/TITS.2020.2987987
35.
Toh
,
K. C.
,
Todd
,
M. J.
, and
Tütüncü
,
R. H.
,
1999
, “
SDPT3 — a Matlab Software Package for Semidefinite Programming, Version 1.3
,”
Optim. Methods Softw.
,
11
(
1–4
), pp.
545
581
.10.1080/10556789908805762
36.
Palladino
,
L.
,
Duc
,
G.
, and
Pothin
,
R.
,
2005
, “
LPV Control for μ-Split Braking Assistance of a Road Vehicle
,”
Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control
,
IEEE
,
Seville, Spain
, Dec. 12–15, pp.
2664
2669
.https://folk.ntnu.no/skoge/prost/proceedings/cdc-ecc05/pdffiles/papers/1088.pdf
37.
Bosche
,
J.
, and
El Hajjaji
,
A.
,
2008
, “
An Output Feedback Controller Design for Lateral Vehicle Dynamic
,”
IFAC Proc.
,
41
(
2
), pp.
5670
5675
.10.3182/20080706-5-KR-1001.00956
38.
Toledo
,
T.
, and
Zohar
,
D.
,
2007
, “
Modeling Duration of Lane Changes
,”
Transp. Res. Rec.
,
1999
(
1
), pp.
71
78
.10.3141/1999-08
You do not currently have access to this content.