This paper proposes to extend the set of causality assignment procedures. The proposed alternative procedures are mainly inspired by formulations developed in the mechanical domain. They enable Lagrange equations, Hamilton equations, and Boltzmann-Hamel equations to be obtained, as well as formulations with the Lagrange multipliers. In the context of system modeling a varied set of mechanical oriented equations are available in a systematic way from the bond graph representation and the proposed corresponding procedures provide an algorithmic frame for programming these mathematical formulations. The graphical features of the bond graph tool and the causality stroke concept enable formulations to be methodically obtained, formulations that can otherwise be very awkward to express. Also these procedures emphasize certain interesting properties of the bond graph tool e.g.: there is a clear distinction between the energy topology of a system and its dynamic equations; it also enables graphic structural analyses to be undertaken; and finally it can play a pedagogical role in engineering education.

1.
Karnopp, D. C., and Rosenberg, R. C., 1968, Analysis and Simulation of Multiport Systems: The Bond Graph Approach to Physical System Dynamics, the M.I.T. Press, Cambridge.
2.
Karnopp
,
D. C.
,
1977
, “
Lagrange’s Equations for Complex Bond Graph Systems
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
99
(
4
), pp.
300
306
.
3.
Joseph
,
B. J.
, and
Martens
,
H. R.
,
1974
, “
The Method of Relaxed Causality in the Bond Graph Analysis of Nonlinear Systems
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
96
(
1
), pp.
95
99
.
4.
Van Dijk, J., 1994, “On the Role of Bond Graph Causality in Modelling Mechatronic Systems,” Ph. D. thesis Electrical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
5.
Rosenberg
,
R. C.
, and
Moultrie
,
B.
,
1980
, “
Basis Order for Bond Graph Junction Structures
,”
IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems
,
CAS-27
(
10
), pp.
909
920
.
6.
Bidard, C., 1992, “Displaying Kirchhoff’s Invariants in Simple Junction Structures,” Proc. 13th International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation Multiconference (IMACS) World Congress on Computation and applied Mathematics, Bond Graphs for Engineers, July 22–26, 1991, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, vol. 3, pp. 1064–1068.
7.
Garcı´a de Jalo´n, and J., Bayo, I., 1994, Kinematic and Dynamic Simulation of Multibody Systems. The real time challenge, Springer-Verlag, New York.
8.
Brown
,
F. T.
,
1981
, “
Energy-Based Modeling and Quasi-Coordinates
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
103
(
1
), pp.
5
13
.
9.
Bos, A. M., 1986, “Modelling Multibody Systems in Terms of Multibond Graphs,” Ph. D. Thesis, Electrical engineering: University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
10.
Ort
,
J. R.
, and
Martens
,
H. R.
,
1973
, “
The Properties of Bond Graph Junction Structure Matrices
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
95
(
4
), pp.
362
367
.
11.
Perelson
,
A. S.
,
1975
, “
Bond Graph Junction Structures
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
97
(
2
), pp.
189
195
.
12.
Karnopp
,
D. C.
,
1969
, “
Power Conserving Transformations: Physical Interpretations and Applications Using Bond Graph
,”
J. Franklin Inst.
,
288
(
3
), pp.
175
201
.
13.
Lur’e´, L., 1968, Me´canique Analytique: Tome 1, Masson, Paris.
14.
Karnopp
,
D. C.
,
1983
, “
Alternative Bond Graph Causal Patterns and Equation Formulations for Dynamic Systems
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
105
, pp.
58
63
.
15.
Favre, W., 1997, “Contribution a` la Repre´sentation Bond Graph des Syste`mes Me´caniques Multicortps,” Ph. D. thesis, Institut National des Sciences Applique´es de Lyon, France.
16.
Favre
,
W.
, and
Scavarda
,
S.
,
1998
, “
A Representation for Planar Point Contact Joints in the Multibody Mechanical Bond Graph Library
,”
Journal of Systems and Control Engineering
,
212
, pp.
305
313
.
17.
Favre, W., and Scavarda, S., 1998, “Introduction of Baumgarte Stabilization Schemas in the Multibond Graph Representation,” Proc. CESA’98 IMACS Multiconference, Computational Engineering in Systems Applications, Hammamet, Tunisia, April 1–4, pp. 278–282.
18.
Zeid
,
A.
, and
Overholt
,
J. L.
,
1995
, “
Singularly Perturbed Bond Graph Models for Simulation of Multibody Systems
,”
ASME J. Dyn. Syst., Meas., Control
,
117
(
3
), pp.
401
410
.
19.
Breedveld, P. C., and Hogan, N., 1994, “Multibond Graph Representation of Lagrangian Mechanics: the Elimination of the Euler Junction Structure,” Proc. MathMod’94, International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS) Symposium on Mathematical Modelling, Vienna, Austria, 1, pp. 24–28.
You do not currently have access to this content.