Fig. 1 A modally tuned impulse hammer and a Hybrid III head form ( a ) with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array ( b ) was used to deliver 14 different types of quantifiable impacts over a total impulse range of 2–16 Ns. The impact locations ( c ) and types were denoted by (1) front, (2) front-oblique, (... More

Fig. 2 For each normal and oblique impact, the force was measured ( a ) by the modal impulse hammer, and the translational acceleration ( b ) and angular acceleration ( c ) were measured using the nine-accelerometer array within the Hybrid III head form More

Fig. 3 Representative dimensionless translational ( Π 1 ) and rotational ( Π 2 ) accelerations for Front impacts ( a ) and side impacts ( b ) for the bare head form (solid dots) and the nine helmets tested herein. All helmets substantially reduced Π 1 at the fron... More

Fig. 4 Average translational impact mitigation (filled circles) versus helmet mass and average angular impact attenuation (open circles) versus helmet mass. Both regressions were significant ( p values <0.02 and <0.002, respectively). More

Fig. 1 ( a ) Globally-aligned baseplate coordinate system (BCS) with axes parallel to those of the global coordinate system (GCS) but with origin located at the baseplate centroid. Patient must be positioned such that the GCS axes correspond to anatomic tibial directions where X = x GA  (medial po... More

Fig. 2 Illustration of five baseplate points ( b ref , 1 . . . b ref,5 summarized as B ref and b fu,1 . . . b fu,5 summarized as B fu ) and four tibia points ( t ref,1 . . . t ref,4 summarized as T ref and t fu,1 . . . t fu,4 summarized... More

Fig. 3 Illustration of the absolute movement of T ref to T fu by rotation, R T , and displacement, D T. The open circles indicate the centroids, t ref , c and t fu,c , respectively. More

Fig. 4 Proposed local baseplate coordinate system defined by features on the baseplate. The origin location and axes directions are indicated (Table 2 ). More

Fig. 5 Overlay of multiple size 3D baseplate models. Views are the ( a ) inferior projection, ( b ) anterior projection, and ( c ) lateral projection. Proposed origin for local BCS is located at the intersection of the center of the stem and the lower surface of the tibial tray and is plotted as a... More

Fig. 7 Plots of the difference in migration in six degrees of freedom for the local BCS (L-BCS) and globally-aligned BCS (GA-BCS) using the example patient migrations transformed for clinically relevant ranges of rotational deviations in ( a ) flexion–extension (FE), ( b ) internal-external (IE), ... More

Fig. 1 Geometry schematics (side views) of ( a ) IM and ( b ) SM, with defined x 0 , x 1 , and x 2 as nozzle positions at x  = 0, x  = 5, and x  = 10 mm, respectively, and nozzle angles of 10 deg and 20 deg More

Fig. 2 Geometries mesh views (side and front views) of ( a ) IM and ( b ) SM, including vertical ( y- direction) and horizontal ( z- direction) lines on front views More