... and needs to be taken into account [( 29 )]. However, in this paper comparisons are made for unidirectional tows that are porosity free. It is difficult to accurately model an entire CMC fiber tow using FE analysis because of the large number of elements required to represent the thousands of fibers...

... ceramics failure (mechanical) shear strength stress-strain relations woven composites CMCs tows multi-axial loading fiber pullout deactivation stress-strain response In Sec. 3 , complex stressing within 0 deg/90 deg and woven unit cells will be addressed to establish potential causes...