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Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics | Volume 9 | Issue 3 | research-article
Research Papers

Design and Kinematic Optimization of a Two Degrees-of-Freedom Planar Remote Center of Motion Mechanism for Minimally Invasive Surgery Manipulators

[+] Author and Article Information
Sajid Nisar

Mechatronics Laboratory,
Mechanical Engineering and Science,
Kyoto University,
Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
e-mail: nisar.sajid.78v@kyoto-u.jp

Takahiro Endo

Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Science,
Kyoto University,
Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
e-mail: endo@me.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Fumitoshi Matsuno

Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Science,
Kyoto University,
Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
e-mail: matsuno@me.kyoto-u.ac.jp

1Corresponding author.

Manuscript received July 31, 2016; final manuscript received January 16, 2017; published online March 23, 2017. Assoc. Editor: Byung-Ju Yi.

J. Mechanisms Robotics 9(3), 031013 (Mar 23, 2017) (9 pages) Paper No: JMR-16-1222; doi: 10.1115/1.4035991 History: Received July 31, 2016; Revised January 16, 2017
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References
Figures
Citing Articles

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) requires four degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) (pitch, translation, yaw, and roll) at the incision point, but the widely used planar remote center of motion (RCM) mechanisms only provide one degree-of-freedom. The remaining three DOFs are achieved through external means (such as cable-pulleys or actuators mounted directly on the distal-end) which adversely affect the performance and design complexity of a surgical manipulator. This paper presents a new RCM mechanism which provides the two most important DOFs (pitch and translation) by virtue of its mechanical design. Kinematics of the new mechanism is developed and its singularities are analyzed. To achieve maximum performance in the desired workspace region, an optimal configuration is also evaluated. The design is optimized to yield maximum manipulability and tool translation with smallest size of the mechanism. Unlike the traditional planar RCM mechanisms, the proposed design does not rely on external means to achieve translation DOF, and therefore, offers potential advantages. The mechanism can be a suitable choice for surgical applications demanding a compact distal-end or requiring multiple manipulators to operate in close proximity.
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References

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Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

A double-parallelogram RCM mechanism

+A double-parallelogram RCM mechanism
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A double-parallelogram RCM mechanism
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Required workspace for minimally invasive surgery

+Required workspace for minimally invasive surgery
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Required workspace for minimally invasive surgery
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

Trivial forms of the proposed two DOF RCM mechanism

+Trivial forms of the proposed two DOF RCM mechanism
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Trivial forms of the proposed two DOF RCM mechanism
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

The proposed two DOF RCM mechanism

+The proposed two DOF RCM mechanism
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The proposed two DOF RCM mechanism
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

A simplified representation of the proposed RCM mechanism

+A simplified representation of the proposed RCM mechanism
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
A simplified representation of the proposed RCM mechanism
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

The alignment mechanism to maintain the remote center of motion constraint. A3 is a passive prismatic joint.

+The alignment mechanism to maintain the remote center of motion constraint. A3 is a passive prismatic joint.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
The alignment mechanism to maintain the remote center of motion constraint. A3 is a passive prismatic joint.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Mechanism workspace (light gray) and the required workspace for MIS (dark gray)

+Mechanism workspace (light gray) and the required workspace for MIS (dark gray)
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Mechanism workspace (light gray) and the required workspace for MIS (dark gray)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

Variant forms of the proposed RCM mechanism: (a) offers larger translation DOF with reduced length of l4, (b) inverted alignment mechanism can generate even larger translation with further reduced length of l4

+Variant forms of the proposed RCM mechanism: (a) offers larger translation DOF with reduced length of l4, (b) inverted alignment mechanism can generate even larger translation with further reduced length of l4
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Variant forms of the proposed RCM mechanism: (a) offers larger translation DOF with reduced length of l4, (b) inverted alignment mechanism can generate even larger translation with further reduced length of l4
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

Average manipulability over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)

+Average manipulability over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)
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Average manipulability over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 10

Corresponding mechanism forms for cases of α (α=l2/l3): (a) α < 1, (b) α = 1, and (c) α > 1

+Corresponding mechanism forms for cases of α (α=l2/l3): (a) α < 1, (b) α = 1, and (c) α > 1
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Corresponding mechanism forms for cases of α (α=l2/l3): (a) α < 1, (b) α = 1, and (c) α > 1
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 11

Effective translation in the simplified representation of the proposed mechanism

+Effective translation in the simplified representation of the proposed mechanism
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Effective translation in the simplified representation of the proposed mechanism
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 12

Rear-parallelogram configurations for cases α = 1, α < 1 and α >1 when θ=π/2. Distance OD represents rmin. Only case (a), (b), and (e) can generate the desired workspace (π/4≤θ≤3π/4) as they satisfy the constraint (22) and (23). As (c) and (d) do not satisfy Eqs. (22) and (23), they are excluded from re optimization.

+ Rear-parallelogram configurations for cases α = 1, α < 1 and α >1 when θ=π/2. Distance OD represents rmin. Only case (a), (b), and (e) can generate the desired workspace (π/4≤θ≤3π/4) as they satisfy the constraint (22) and (23). As (c) and (d) do not satisfy Eqs. (22) and (23), they are excluded from re optimization.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Rear-parallelogram configurations for cases α = 1, α < 1 and α >1 when θ=π/2. Distance OD represents rmin. Only case (a), (b), and (e) can generate the desired workspace (π/4≤θ≤3π/4) as they satisfy the constraint (22) and (23). As (c) and (d) do not satisfy Eqs. (22) and (23), they are excluded from re optimization.
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 13

Effective translation over the range of α (α=l2/l3, α >0)

+Effective translation over the range of α (α=l2/l3, α >0)
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Effective translation over the range of α (α=l2/l3, α >0)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 14

Combined performance score over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)

+Combined performance score over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)
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Combined performance score over the range of α (α=l2/l3,α > 0)

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